{
  "schema_version": "1.1.0",
  "as_of": "2026-09-29",
  "state_index_reviewed": "2026-09-29",
  "methodology": "Current-session AV legislation is independently discovered across all 50 states and D.C. with Open States API v3. Summaries describe substantive bill effects only; sponsor/petition boilerplate and title restatements are rejected. Reviewed substantive summaries are preserved across automated refreshes. Official legislature records remain the authority.",
  "source": "Open States API v3 national AV bill discovery",
  "federal": [
    {
      "id": "us-hr7390-119t",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "number": "H.R. 7390",
      "title": "SELF DRIVE Act of 2026",
      "summary": "Would create a federal safety framework for ADS-equipped vehicles, including NHTSA authority and manufacturer requirements.",
      "takeaway": "Would create a federal safety framework for ADS-equipped vehicles, including NHTSA authority and manufacturer requirements.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-02-05",
      "last_action": "Referred to House committees; a subcommittee later forwarded it to the full committee.",
      "session": "119th Congress",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {},
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7390",
      "repository_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119hr7390ih",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-23",
      "summary_reviewed_at": "2026-09-23"
    },
    {
      "id": "us-s3742-119t",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "number": "S. 3742",
      "title": "AV Safety Data Act",
      "summary": "Would expand incident reporting for certain autonomous vehicles.",
      "takeaway": "Would expand incident reporting for certain autonomous vehicles.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-01-29",
      "last_action": "Referred to Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation.",
      "session": "119th Congress",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {},
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3742",
      "repository_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119s3742is",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-23",
      "summary_reviewed_at": "2026-09-23"
    },
    {
      "id": "us-hr10033-119t",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "number": "H.R. 10033",
      "title": "AV Emergency Response Coordination Act",
      "summary": "Would set minimum coordination requirements between AV operators and emergency responders.",
      "takeaway": "Would set minimum coordination requirements between AV operators and emergency responders.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-08-03",
      "last_action": "Referred to House Transportation and Energy and Commerce committees.",
      "session": "119th Congress",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {},
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/10033",
      "repository_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119hr10033ih",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-23",
      "summary_reviewed_at": "2026-09-23"
    },
    {
      "id": "us-s1798-119t",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "number": "S. 1798",
      "title": "Autonomous Vehicle Acceleration Act of 2025",
      "summary": "Would direct federal standards for autonomous vehicles and address NHTSA exemption authority.",
      "takeaway": "Would direct federal standards for autonomous vehicles and address NHTSA exemption authority.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-05-15",
      "last_action": "Referred to Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation.",
      "session": "119th Congress",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {},
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1798",
      "repository_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119s1798is",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-23",
      "summary_reviewed_at": "2026-09-23"
    },
    {
      "id": "us-hr4661-119t",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "number": "H.R. 4661",
      "title": "AMERICA DRIVES Act",
      "summary": "Would establish a federal framework for autonomous mobility and related transportation policy.",
      "takeaway": "Would establish a federal framework for autonomous mobility and related transportation policy.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-07-23",
      "last_action": "Referred to House Transportation and Infrastructure.",
      "session": "119th Congress",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {},
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4661",
      "repository_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119hr4661ih",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-23",
      "summary_reviewed_at": "2026-09-23"
    },
    {
      "id": "us-hr8692-119t",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "number": "H.R. 8692",
      "title": "Shared Autonomous Mobility Act of 2026",
      "summary": "Would address shared autonomous mobility services and federal transportation programs.",
      "takeaway": "Would address shared autonomous mobility services and federal transportation programs.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-05-07",
      "last_action": "Referred to House Transportation and Infrastructure.",
      "session": "119th Congress",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {},
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8692",
      "repository_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119hr8692ih",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-23",
      "summary_reviewed_at": "2026-09-23"
    }
  ],
  "state_bills": [
    {
      "id": "al-sb-222-2026rs",
      "jurisdiction": "AL",
      "number": "SB 222",
      "title": "Motor vehicles; operation of oversized vehicles operated by automated driving systems, prohibited",
      "summary": "Motor Vehicles & Traffic",
      "takeaway": "Motor Vehicles & Traffic",
      "status": "passed",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-04-01",
      "last_action": "Transportation, Utilities and Infrastructure 1st Substitute (Transportation, Utilities and Infrastructure)",
      "session": "2026rs",
      "progress_stage": "passed_legislature",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-02-24",
        "passed_legislature": "2026-02-24"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/bill-search",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/al/bills/2026rs/SB222/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/15108415-5983-4ee4-9a30-ddb22a9903c2",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-09T22:32:17.309868+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Motor Vehicles & Traffic",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "az-sb-1417-57th-2nd-regular",
      "jurisdiction": "AZ",
      "number": "SB 1417",
      "title": "autonomous vehicles; safety; data",
      "summary": "autonomous vehicles; safety; data",
      "takeaway": "autonomous vehicles; safety; data",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-01-28",
      "last_action": "Senate Second Reading",
      "session": "57th-2nd-regular",
      "progress_stage": "introduced",
      "stage_dates": {},
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/BillOverview/84971?SessionId=130",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/az/bills/57th-2nd-regular/SB1417/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/f4535e95-c26a-4b33-8eb4-c4da2b62e04b",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T01:18:38.574357+00:00",
      "source_summary": "autonomous vehicles; safety; data",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ca-ab-2193-20252026",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "number": "AB 2193",
      "title": "Autonomous vehicles.",
      "summary": "Existing law authorizes the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes by a driver who possesses the proper class of license for the type of vehicle operated if specified requirements are satisfied. Existing law prohibits the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads until the manufacturer submits an application to the Department of Motor Vehicles, as specified, and that application is approved.",
      "takeaway": "Existing law authorizes the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes by a driver who possesses the proper class of license for the type of vehicle operated if specified requirements are satisfied. Existing law prohibits the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads until the manufacturer submits an application to the Department of Motor Vehicles, as specified, and that application is approved.",
      "status": "engrossed",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-05-14",
      "last_action": "In committee: Held under submission.",
      "session": "20252026",
      "progress_stage": "floor",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-05-13"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20252026/AB2193/",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20252026/AB2193/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/8bb84568-51be-40f7-a292-2aa23cfe1c26",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-09T04:51:21.856958+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Existing law authorizes the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes by a driver who possesses the proper class of license for the type of vehicle operated if specified requirements are satisfied. Existing law prohibits the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads until the manufacturer submits an application to the Department of Motor Vehicles, as specified, and that application is approved. Existing law requires the department to adopt regulations setting forth requirements for the submission and approval of an application, including, among other things, any testing, equipment, and performance standards the department concludes are necessary to ensu",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ca-ab-33-20252026",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "number": "AB 33",
      "title": "Autonomous vehicles.",
      "summary": "This bill would prohibit the delivery of commercial goods, as defined, directly to a residence or to a business for its use or retail sale through the operation",
      "takeaway": "This bill would prohibit the delivery of commercial goods, as defined, directly to a residence or to a business for its use or retail sale through the operation",
      "status": "passed",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-09-09",
      "last_action": "Ordered to inactive file at the request of Senator Gonzalez.",
      "session": "20252026",
      "progress_stage": "passed_legislature",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2025-08-29",
        "passed_legislature": "2025-05-29"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20252026/AB33/",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20252026/AB33/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/b040b593-f8fd-4869-a6cb-530f780c6559",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-09T04:58:31.470169+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Existing law authorizes the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes by a driver who possesses the proper class of license for the type of vehicle operated if specified requirements are satisfied. Existing law prohibits the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads until the manufacturer submits an application to the Department of Motor Vehicles, as specified, and that application is approved. A violation of the Vehicle Code or a local ordinance adopted pursuant to that code is an infraction.\n\nThis bill would prohibit the delivery of commercial goods, as defined, directly to a residence or to a business for its use or retail sale through the operation ",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ca-sb-1246-20252026",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "number": "SB 1246",
      "title": "Autonomous vehicles.",
      "summary": "Existing law authorizes the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes by a driver who possesses the proper class of license for the type of vehicle operated if specified requirements are satisfied. Existing law prohibits the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads until the manufacturer submits an application to the Department of Motor Vehicles (department) , as specified, and that application is approved.",
      "takeaway": "Existing law authorizes the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes by a driver who possesses the proper class of license for the type of vehicle operated if specified requirements are satisfied. Existing law prohibits the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads until the manufacturer submits an application to the Department of Motor Vehicles (department) , as specified, and that application is approved.",
      "status": "passed",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-09-09",
      "last_action": "Enrolled and presented to the Governor at 2 p.m.",
      "session": "20252026",
      "progress_stage": "passed_legislature",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-02-19",
        "committee": "2026-08-31",
        "passed_legislature": "2026-08-30"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20252026/SB1246/",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20252026/SB1246/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/84856a8a-5cff-41ee-9237-9f569454b676",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-09-29T09:25:39.927458+00:00",
      "source_summary": "(1) Existing law authorizes the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes by a driver who possesses the proper class of license for the type of vehicle operated if specified requirements are satisfied. Existing law prohibits the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads until the manufacturer submits an application to the Department of Motor Vehicles (department) , as specified, and that application is approved. Existing law requires the department to adopt regulations setting forth requirements for the submission and approval of an application, including, among other things, any testing, equipment, and performance standards the department concludes are",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ca-sb-480-20252026",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "number": "SB 480",
      "title": "Autonomous vehicles.",
      "summary": "Existing law authorizes the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes by a driver who possesses the proper class of license for the type of vehicle operated if specified requirements are satisfied. Existing law prohibits the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads until the manufacturer submits an application to the Department of Motor Vehicles, as specified, and that application is approved.",
      "takeaway": "Existing law authorizes the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes by a driver who possesses the proper class of license for the type of vehicle operated if specified requirements are satisfied. Existing law prohibits the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads until the manufacturer submits an application to the Department of Motor Vehicles, as specified, and that application is approved.",
      "status": "enacted",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-10-06",
      "last_action": "Chaptered by Secretary of State. Chapter 415, Statutes of 2025.",
      "session": "20252026",
      "progress_stage": "law",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2025-02-19",
        "committee": "2025-09-03",
        "passed_legislature": "2025-08-28",
        "executive": "2025-10-06",
        "law": "2025-10-06"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20252026/SB480/",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20252026/SB480/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/f9108655-2446-4579-a74e-8edc20fa103e",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-09T05:07:12.397648+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Existing law authorizes the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes by a driver who possesses the proper class of license for the type of vehicle operated if specified requirements are satisfied. Existing law prohibits the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads until the manufacturer submits an application to the Department of Motor Vehicles, as specified, and that application is approved. Existing law requires the department to adopt regulations setting forth requirements for the submission and approval of an application, including, among other things, any testing, equipment, and performance standards the department concludes are necessary to ensu",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ca-sb-572-20252026",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "number": "SB 572",
      "title": "Vehicles: advanced driver assistance system: crash reports.",
      "summary": "This bill would require a manufacturer of a Level 2 ADAS vehicle to report a crash involving its Level 2 ADAS vehicle to the Department of Motor Vehicl",
      "takeaway": "This bill would require a manufacturer of a Level 2 ADAS vehicle to report a crash involving its Level 2 ADAS vehicle to the Department of Motor Vehicl",
      "status": "passed",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-08-29",
      "last_action": "August 29 hearing: Held in committee and under submission.",
      "session": "20252026",
      "progress_stage": "passed_legislature",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2025-02-20",
        "committee": "2025-07-15",
        "passed_legislature": "2025-05-28"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20252026/SB572/",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ca/bills/20252026/SB572/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/2941438a-0630-45ee-88aa-7c3a286f7bdc",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-09T05:53:12.621276+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Existing law regulates vehicles, including autonomous vehicles and autonomous technology in vehicles. Under existing federal statute and regulation, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) issued the Third Amended Standing General Order 2021-01, effective June 16, 2025, that requires specified vehicle and equipment manufacturers and operators of autonomous driving systems and Level 2 advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) vehicles to report crashes to NHTSA, as specified. A violation of the Vehicle Code is an infraction.\n\nThis bill would require a manufacturer of a Level 2 ADAS vehicle to report a crash involving its Level 2 ADAS vehicle to the Department of Motor Vehicl",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "co-hb-1071-2026a",
      "jurisdiction": "CO",
      "number": "HB 1071",
      "title": "Local Government Vehicle Identification System on Interstate Highways",
      "summary": "The bill authorizes a local government city and county or municipality to locate an AVIS on a highway that is part of the federal interstate highway system.",
      "takeaway": "The bill authorizes a local government city and county or municipality to locate an AVIS on a highway that is part of the federal interstate highway system.",
      "status": "passed",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-04-21",
      "last_action": "Senate Third Reading Laid Over to 05/14/2026 - No Amendments",
      "session": "2026A",
      "progress_stage": "passed_legislature",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-02-26",
        "committee": "2026-03-19",
        "passed_legislature": "2026-02-23"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/HB26-1071",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/co/bills/2026A/HB1071/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/be91d205-d05f-49eb-a595-c086edda0dde",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-28T18:15:25.388128+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Current law allows the state to locate an automated vehicle identification system (AVIS) on a highway that is part of the federal interstate highway system but prohibits a county, city and county, or municipality (local government) from doing so. The bill authorizes a local government city and county or municipality to locate an AVIS on a highway that is part of the federal interstate highway system.(Note: Italicized words indicate new material added to the original summary; dashes through words indicate deletions from the original summary.)(Note: This summary applies to the reengrossed version of this bill as introduced in the second house.)",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "co-hb-1286-2026a",
      "jurisdiction": "CO",
      "number": "HB 1286",
      "title": "Automated Driving System Commercial Vehicles",
      "summary": "The act prohibits using an automated driving system to drive a commercial motor vehicle unless an individual who holds a commercial driver's license is in the vehicle, monitors the vehicle's driving, and intervenes, if necessary, to avoid illegal or unsafe driving. The act does not apply to a light-duty vehicle or a truck-mounted attenuator.",
      "takeaway": "The act prohibits using an automated driving system to drive a commercial motor vehicle unless an individual who holds a commercial driver's license is in the vehicle, monitors the vehicle's driving, and intervenes, if necessary, to avoid illegal or unsafe driving. The act does not apply to a light-duty vehicle or a truck-mounted attenuator.",
      "status": "vetoed",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-05-28",
      "last_action": "Governor Vetoed",
      "session": "2026A",
      "progress_stage": "executive",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-05-11",
        "committee": "2026-05-11",
        "passed_legislature": "2026-05-21",
        "executive": "2026-05-28"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/HB26-1286",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/co/bills/2026A/HB1286/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/0c5607ff-a283-4172-b8bc-3a021fa34ac9",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-08-03T18:12:45.474864+00:00",
      "source_summary": "The act prohibits using an automated driving system to drive a commercial motor vehicle unless an individual who holds a commercial driver's license is in the vehicle, monitors the vehicle's driving, and intervenes, if necessary, to avoid illegal or unsafe driving. The individual must be in the driver's seat if hazardous materials are being transported. The penalty is $1,000 for a first offense, is $2,000 for a second offense, and doubles for each subsequent offense.     The act does not apply to a light-duty vehicle or a truck-mounted attenuator.     The prohibition is repealed September 1, 2031. The chief of the Colorado state patrol will analyze the act's effects on commercial vehicle saf",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "co-sb-152-2026a",
      "jurisdiction": "CO",
      "number": "SB 152",
      "title": "Changes Automated Vehicle Identification System Usage",
      "summary": "The act makes changes to the use of automated vehicle identification systems (AVIS), including:Modifying the public notice requirements that the state, a county, a city and county, a municipality, or an agency responsible for placing a new AVIS must provide before utilizing the new AVIS;Making the registered owner of a motor vehicle responsible for all civil penalties associated with violations committed with the vehicle unless the vehicle was sold, leased, or stolen;Creating a procedure through which the registered owner of a motor vehicle may prove that the vehicle was sold, leased, or stolen at the time when a violation was detected by an AVIS and, thereby, under certain circumstances, re",
      "takeaway": "The act makes changes to the use of automated vehicle identification systems (AVIS), including:Modifying the public notice requirements that the state, a county, a city and county, a municipality, or an agency responsible for placing a new AVIS must provide before utilizing the new AVIS;Making the registered owner of a motor vehicle responsible for all civil penalties associated with violations committed with the vehicle unless the vehicle was sold, leased, or stolen;Creating a procedure through which the registered owner of a motor vehicle may prove that the vehicle was sold, leased, or stolen at the time when a violation was detected by an AVIS and, thereby, under certain circumstances, re",
      "status": "enacted",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-06-02",
      "last_action": "Governor Signed",
      "session": "2026A",
      "progress_stage": "law",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-05-05",
        "committee": "2026-05-08",
        "passed_legislature": "2026-05-26",
        "executive": "2026-06-02"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/SB26-152",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/co/bills/2026A/SB152/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/e3980ff5-7ca9-4999-925e-3850d84e3681",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-08-20T01:35:33.403639+00:00",
      "source_summary": "The act makes changes to the use of automated vehicle identification systems (AVIS), including:Modifying the public notice requirements that the state, a county, a city and county, a municipality, or an agency responsible for placing a new AVIS must provide before utilizing the new AVIS;Making the registered owner of a motor vehicle responsible for all civil penalties associated with violations committed with the vehicle unless the vehicle was sold, leased, or stolen;Creating a procedure through which the registered owner of a motor vehicle may prove that the vehicle was sold, leased, or stolen at the time when a violation was detected by an AVIS and, thereby, under certain circumstances, re",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "de-sb-46-153",
      "jurisdiction": "DE",
      "number": "SB 46",
      "title": "AN ACT TO AMEND TITLE 21 OF THE DELAWARE CODE RELATING TO AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES.",
      "summary": "This Act prohibits any autonomous vehicle that requires a Class A commercial driver license without an O restriction from being operated on a Delaware highway for testing purposes, transporting goods, or transporting passengers without a human safety operator being physically present within the autonomous vehicle.",
      "takeaway": "This Act prohibits any autonomous vehicle that requires a Class A commercial driver license without an O restriction from being operated on a Delaware highway for testing purposes, transporting goods, or transporting passengers without a human safety operator being physically present within the autonomous vehicle.",
      "status": "passed",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-05-14",
      "last_action": "Reported Out of Committee (Transportation) in House with 1 Favorable, 5 On Its Merits",
      "session": "153",
      "progress_stage": "passed_legislature",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2025-03-25",
        "committee": "2025-05-14",
        "passed_legislature": "2025-03-20"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://legis.delaware.gov/BillDetail?LegislationId=141797",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/de/bills/153/SB46/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/b39e2abb-6c51-43f1-8142-96a8876b99b9",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-08-26T07:20:11.829857+00:00",
      "source_summary": "This Act prohibits any autonomous vehicle that requires a Class A commercial driver license without an O restriction from being operated on a Delaware highway for testing purposes, transporting goods, or transporting passengers without a human safety operator being physically present within the autonomous vehicle. A two-thirds vote requirement is required under Section 28 of Article IV of the Delaware Constitution.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "fl-hb-1233-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "FL",
      "number": "HB 1233",
      "title": "Transportation",
      "summary": "Transportation; Revises membership of Florida Transportation Research Institute; requires Florida Greenways & Trails Council to meet within specified timeframe to update specified recommendations; requires seaports to include critical infrastructure resource strategies in specified plan; revises provisions relating to personal delivery devices & mobile carriers; increases certain speed limits; modifies terms for elections to attend basic driver improvement course; authorizes certain rental trucks to elect permanent registration period; requires motor vehicle registration renewal to be recorded electronically; removes provisions relating to validation stickers; revises provisions relating to",
      "takeaway": "Transportation; Revises membership of Florida Transportation Research Institute; requires Florida Greenways & Trails Council to meet within specified timeframe to update specified recommendations; requires seaports to include critical infrastructure resource strategies in specified plan; revises provisions relating to personal delivery devices & mobile carriers; increases certain speed limits; modifies terms for elections to attend basic driver improvement course; authorizes certain rental trucks to elect permanent registration period; requires motor vehicle registration renewal to be recorded electronically; removes provisions relating to validation stickers; revises provisions relating to",
      "status": "engrossed",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-11",
      "last_action": "Laid on Table",
      "session": "2026",
      "progress_stage": "floor",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-02-24"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2026/1233/ByCategory",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/fl/bills/2026/HB1233/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/552c798b-54cc-4dba-a1c8-82bd2ee91b3d",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-31T12:18:57.443411+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Transportation;  Revises membership of Florida Transportation Research Institute; requires Florida Greenways & Trails Council to meet within specified timeframe to update specified recommendations; requires seaports to include critical infrastructure resource strategies in specified plan; revises provisions relating to personal delivery devices & mobile carriers; increases certain speed limits; modifies terms for elections to attend basic driver improvement course; authorizes certain rental trucks to elect permanent registration period; requires motor vehicle registration renewal to be recorded electronically; removes provisions relating to validation stickers; revises provisions relating to",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "fl-hb-1469-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "FL",
      "number": "HB 1469",
      "title": "Autonomous Vehicle Safety",
      "summary": "Autonomous Vehicle Safety; Requires autonomous vehicle registered in this state to comply with certain standards, regulations, & laws; prohibits autonomous vehicle from engaging in certain activities unless licensed human operator is physically present in vehicle; requires such operator to comply with certain standards, regulations, & laws.",
      "takeaway": "Autonomous Vehicle Safety; Requires autonomous vehicle registered in this state to comply with certain standards, regulations, & laws; prohibits autonomous vehicle from engaging in certain activities unless licensed human operator is physically present in vehicle; requires such operator to comply with certain standards, regulations, & laws.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-13",
      "last_action": "Died in Government Operations Subcommittee",
      "session": "2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-01-15"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2026/1469/ByCategory",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/fl/bills/2026/HB1469/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/6da1bee9-f9cb-4fde-93c8-d1ebfcc57560",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T19:28:00.351523+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Autonomous Vehicle Safety;  Requires autonomous vehicle registered in this state to comply with certain standards, regulations, & laws; prohibits autonomous vehicle from engaging in certain activities unless licensed human operator is physically present in vehicle; requires such operator to comply with certain standards, regulations, & laws.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "fl-sb-1258-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "FL",
      "number": "SB 1258",
      "title": "Delivery of Commercial Goods by Autonomous Vehicles",
      "summary": "Delivery of Commercial Goods by Autonomous Vehicles; Prohibiting the use of an autonomous vehicle to deliver commercial goods directly to a residence or business for use or retail sale unless a licensed human operator is physically present in the autonomous vehicle; requiring the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles to submit to the Legislature a report evaluating the use of certain autonomous vehicle technology and its impacts on public safety and employment in the transportation sector by a certain date, etc.",
      "takeaway": "Delivery of Commercial Goods by Autonomous Vehicles; Prohibiting the use of an autonomous vehicle to deliver commercial goods directly to a residence or business for use or retail sale unless a licensed human operator is physically present in the autonomous vehicle; requiring the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles to submit to the Legislature a report evaluating the use of certain autonomous vehicle technology and its impacts on public safety and employment in the transportation sector by a certain date, etc.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-13",
      "last_action": "Died in Transportation",
      "session": "2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-01-12",
        "introduced": "2026-01-13"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2026/1258/ByCategory",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/fl/bills/2026/SB1258/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/c59ac9b6-602b-48fa-8f85-12a743ad9298",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-06-30T15:57:31.534853+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Delivery of Commercial Goods by Autonomous Vehicles;  Prohibiting the use of an autonomous vehicle to deliver commercial goods directly to a residence or business for use or retail sale unless a licensed human operator is physically present in the autonomous vehicle; requiring the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles to submit to the Legislature a report evaluating the use of certain autonomous vehicle technology and its impacts on public safety and employment in the transportation sector by a certain date, etc.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "hi-hb-1797-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "HI",
      "number": "HB 1797",
      "title": "RELATING TO AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES.",
      "summary": "Requires an automated vehicle used by a motor carrier to transport passengers commercially to have a human supervisor present in the vehicle. Establishes an income tax credit to incentivize the training of supervisors for autonomous vehicles.",
      "takeaway": "Requires an automated vehicle used by a motor carrier to transport passengers commercially to have a human supervisor present in the vehicle. Establishes an income tax credit to incentivize the training of supervisors for autonomous vehicles.",
      "status": "engrossed",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-02-10",
      "last_action": "Passed Second Reading as amended in HD 1 and referred to the committee(s) on CPC with none voting aye with reservations; none voting no (0) and none excused (0).",
      "session": "2026",
      "progress_stage": "floor",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-01-23",
        "committee": "2026-02-10"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=1797&year=2026",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/hi/bills/2026/HB1797/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/0d43893c-264f-4691-b034-28e2756b3cd3",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-15T06:43:52.768339+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Requires an automated vehicle used by a motor carrier to transport passengers commercially to have a human supervisor present in the vehicle.  Establishes an income tax credit to incentivize the training of supervisors for autonomous vehicles.  Sunsets 12/31/2036.  Applies to taxable years beginning after 12/31/2026.  Effective 7/1/3000.  (HD1)",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ia-hsb-598-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "IA",
      "number": "HSB 598",
      "title": "A bill for an act relating to the operation of driverless-capable vehicles, including associated civil and criminal liability, and making penalties applicable.",
      "summary": "A bill for an act relating to the operation of driverless-capable vehicles, including associated civil and criminal liability, and making penalties applicable.",
      "takeaway": "A bill for an act relating to the operation of driverless-capable vehicles, including associated civil and criminal liability, and making penalties applicable.",
      "status": "engrossed",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-02-23",
      "last_action": "Committee report approving bill, renumbered as HF 2673.",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "floor",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-01-21",
        "committee": "2026-02-16"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/billTracking/billHistory?billName=HSB 598&ga=91",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ia/bills/2025-2026/HSB598/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/5d2a3780-6cf3-4c0b-aef9-f926b1368674",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T09:27:36.154307+00:00",
      "source_summary": "A bill for an act relating to the operation of driverless-capable vehicles, including associated civil and criminal liability, and making penalties applicable.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ia-sf-2034-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "IA",
      "number": "SF 2034",
      "title": "A bill for an act relating to the use of automated vehicle noise enforcement systems.",
      "summary": "A bill for an act relating to the use of automated vehicle noise enforcement systems.",
      "takeaway": "A bill for an act relating to the use of automated vehicle noise enforcement systems.",
      "status": "engrossed",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-02-11",
      "last_action": "Committee report approving bill, renumbered as SF 2284.",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "floor",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-01-12",
        "committee": "2026-01-28"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/billTracking/billHistory?billName=SF 2034&ga=91",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ia/bills/2025-2026/SF2034/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/4650dedc-9e40-4a83-87fb-70ed1af8c7ce",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T09:23:17.931245+00:00",
      "source_summary": "A bill for an act relating to the use of automated vehicle noise enforcement systems.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ia-sf-2384-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "IA",
      "number": "SF 2384",
      "title": "A bill for an act relating to the operation of driverless-capable vehicles, including associated civil and criminal liability, and making penalties applicable.",
      "summary": "A bill for an act relating to the operation of driverless-capable vehicles, including associated civil and criminal liability, and making penalties applicable.",
      "takeaway": "A bill for an act relating to the operation of driverless-capable vehicles, including associated civil and criminal liability, and making penalties applicable.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-19",
      "last_action": "Placed on calendar under unfinished business.",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-02-19"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/billTracking/billHistory?billName=SF 2384&ga=91",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ia/bills/2025-2026/SF2384/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/63ca3153-e04c-4e02-b650-0561308c10cd",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-20T07:17:51.459528+00:00",
      "source_summary": "A bill for an act relating to the operation of driverless-capable vehicles, including associated civil and criminal liability, and making penalties applicable.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ia-ssb-3052-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "IA",
      "number": "SSB 3052",
      "title": "A bill for an act relating to the operation of driverless-capable vehicles, including associated civil and criminal liability, and making penalties applicable.",
      "summary": "A bill for an act relating to the operation of driverless-capable vehicles, including associated civil and criminal liability, and making penalties applicable.",
      "takeaway": "A bill for an act relating to the operation of driverless-capable vehicles, including associated civil and criminal liability, and making penalties applicable.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-02-18",
      "last_action": "Committee report approving bill, renumbered as SF 2384.",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-01-21",
        "committee": "2026-01-21"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/billTracking/billHistory?billName=SSB 3052&ga=91",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ia/bills/2025-2026/SSB3052/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/7c26a04e-4eae-495c-97b2-97087386e7db",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T09:38:48.219205+00:00",
      "source_summary": "A bill for an act relating to the operation of driverless-capable vehicles, including associated civil and criminal liability, and making penalties applicable.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "il-hb-1839-104th",
      "jurisdiction": "IL",
      "number": "HB 1839",
      "title": "SAFE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ACT",
      "summary": "SAFE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ACT",
      "takeaway": "SAFE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ACT",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-27",
      "last_action": "Rule 19(a) / Re-referred to Rules Committee",
      "session": "104th",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-02-11"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=1839&GAID=18&DocTypeID=HB&LegId=159329&SessionID=114",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/il/bills/104th/HB1839/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/1889326a-280f-4152-8452-9cba5f522b54",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-11T08:44:11.137312+00:00",
      "source_summary": "SAFE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ACT",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "il-hb-2974-104th",
      "jurisdiction": "IL",
      "number": "HB 2974",
      "title": "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TESTING",
      "summary": "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TESTING",
      "takeaway": "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TESTING",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-02-06",
      "last_action": "Referred to Rules Committee",
      "session": "104th",
      "progress_stage": "introduced",
      "stage_dates": {},
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=2974&GAID=18&DocTypeID=HB&LegId=161217&SessionID=114",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/il/bills/104th/HB2974/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/a5430b0b-419d-41ae-951c-e965bcf8e3ef",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-11T09:08:24.633480+00:00",
      "source_summary": "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TESTING",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "il-hb-4663-104th",
      "jurisdiction": "IL",
      "number": "HB 4663",
      "title": "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE PILOT PROJ",
      "summary": "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE PILOT PROJ",
      "takeaway": "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE PILOT PROJ",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-27",
      "last_action": "Rule 19(a) / Re-referred to Rules Committee",
      "session": "104th",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-03-24"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=4663&GAID=18&DocTypeID=HB&LegId=165621&SessionID=114",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/il/bills/104th/HB4663/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/4941dae8-bef1-47b7-9a1c-5b233cbedc55",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-11T09:28:19.436103+00:00",
      "source_summary": "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE PILOT PROJ",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "il-hb-4789-104th",
      "jurisdiction": "IL",
      "number": "HB 4789",
      "title": "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEMS",
      "summary": "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEMS",
      "takeaway": "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEMS",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-27",
      "last_action": "Rule 19(a) / Re-referred to Rules Committee",
      "session": "104th",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-03-18"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=4789&GAID=18&DocTypeID=HB&LegId=165946&SessionID=114",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/il/bills/104th/HB4789/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/95da6ef1-56de-4ffc-96a1-f24aa0221a8c",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-11T08:31:07.502437+00:00",
      "source_summary": "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEMS",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "il-hb-5103-104th",
      "jurisdiction": "IL",
      "number": "HB 5103",
      "title": "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEMS",
      "summary": "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEMS",
      "takeaway": "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEMS",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-27",
      "last_action": "Rule 19(a) / Re-referred to Rules Committee",
      "session": "104th",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-03-18"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=5103&GAID=18&DocTypeID=HB&LegId=166661&SessionID=114",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/il/bills/104th/HB5103/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/da40057a-8727-4ec0-a0b1-a6f18c65e667",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-11T08:38:34.630857+00:00",
      "source_summary": "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEMS",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "il-hb-5220-104th",
      "jurisdiction": "IL",
      "number": "HB 5220",
      "title": "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES",
      "summary": "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES",
      "takeaway": "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-27",
      "last_action": "Rule 19(a) / Re-referred to Rules Committee",
      "session": "104th",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-03-04"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=5220&GAID=18&DocTypeID=HB&LegId=166893&SessionID=114",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/il/bills/104th/HB5220/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/967b1f12-7d37-4718-b44b-3341e8452d77",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-11T09:09:47.169857+00:00",
      "source_summary": "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "il-sb-3308-104th",
      "jurisdiction": "IL",
      "number": "SB 3308",
      "title": "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEMS",
      "summary": "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEMS",
      "takeaway": "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEMS",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-05-13",
      "last_action": "Added as Co-Sponsor Sen. Mark L. Walker",
      "session": "104th",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-02-17"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=3308&GAID=18&DocTypeID=SB&LegId=166113&SessionID=114",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/il/bills/104th/SB3308/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/6a8f79e4-0617-423d-beb3-1dc0ca8de7ce",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-11T03:37:16.251716+00:00",
      "source_summary": "AUTOMATED DRIVING SYSTEMS",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "il-sb-3392-104th",
      "jurisdiction": "IL",
      "number": "SB 3392",
      "title": "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE PILOT PROJ",
      "summary": "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE PILOT PROJ",
      "takeaway": "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE PILOT PROJ",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-05-30",
      "last_action": "Added as Co-Sponsor Sen. Donald P. DeWitte",
      "session": "104th",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-02-17"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=3392&GAID=18&DocTypeID=SB&LegId=166310&SessionID=114",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/il/bills/104th/SB3392/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/78ab0b02-7956-4236-a846-cb23660c9a73",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-11T03:55:39.828458+00:00",
      "source_summary": "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE PILOT PROJ",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ky-hb-223-2026rs",
      "jurisdiction": "KY",
      "number": "HB 223",
      "title": "AN ACT relating to autonomous vehicles.",
      "summary": "Amend KRS 186.763 to prohibit a school district from operating a fully autonomous vehicle as a school bus or for transporting students; prohibit the operation of a fully autonomous vehicle if that vehicle requires an operator with a commercial driver's license; amend KRS 281.764 to conform.",
      "takeaway": "Amend KRS 186.763 to prohibit a school district from operating a fully autonomous vehicle as a school bus or for transporting students; prohibit the operation of a fully autonomous vehicle if that vehicle requires an operator with a commercial driver's license; amend KRS 281.764 to conform.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-01-14",
      "last_action": "to Transportation (H)",
      "session": "2026RS",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-01-07",
        "committee": "2026-01-14"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/26RS/hb223.html",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ky/bills/2026RS/HB223/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/f55e5aef-1e13-4bfb-b20f-521810d4626d",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-08-20T01:19:42.748166+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Amend KRS 186.763 to prohibit a school district from operating a fully autonomous vehicle as a school bus or for transporting students; prohibit the operation of a fully autonomous vehicle if that vehicle requires an operator with a commercial driver's license; amend KRS 281.764 to conform.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ky-sb-110-2026rs",
      "jurisdiction": "KY",
      "number": "SB 110",
      "title": "AN ACT relating to motor vehicles and declaring an emergency.",
      "summary": "Create a new section of KRS Chapter 186A to require that beginning July 1, 2027, lienholders and motor vehicle dealers use the electronic title application and registration system to submit title, registration, and lien documents; provide exemptions; require the Transportation Cabinet to ensure the electronic title application and registration system and the centralized lien management system are operational by January 1, 2027; create a new section of KRS Chapter 186A to provide that beginning July 1, 2027, titles will not automatically be printed and mailed to the vehicle owner, but kept electronically in the automated vehicle information system; establish procedures to obtain a printed tit",
      "takeaway": "Create a new section of KRS Chapter 186A to require that beginning July 1, 2027, lienholders and motor vehicle dealers use the electronic title application and registration system to submit title, registration, and lien documents; provide exemptions; require the Transportation Cabinet to ensure the electronic title application and registration system and the centralized lien management system are operational by January 1, 2027; create a new section of KRS Chapter 186A to provide that beginning July 1, 2027, titles will not automatically be printed and mailed to the vehicle owner, but kept electronically in the automated vehicle information system; establish procedures to obtain a printed tit",
      "status": "enacted",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-04-13",
      "last_action": "signed by Governor (Acts Ch. 135)",
      "session": "2026RS",
      "progress_stage": "law",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-01-20",
        "committee": "2026-04-01",
        "passed_legislature": "2026-04-01",
        "executive": "2026-04-13"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/26RS/sb110.html",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ky/bills/2026RS/SB110/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/4f98aa75-2311-4b5d-8dc5-425d39cdcd12",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-08-20T01:17:09.672266+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Create a new section of KRS Chapter 186A to require that beginning July 1, 2027, lienholders and motor vehicle dealers use the electronic title application and registration system to submit title, registration, and lien documents; provide exemptions; require the Transportation Cabinet to ensure the electronic title application and registration system and the centralized lien management system are operational by January 1, 2027; create a new section of KRS Chapter 186A to provide that beginning July 1, 2027, titles will not automatically be printed and mailed to the vehicle owner, but kept electronically in the automated vehicle information system; establish procedures to obtain a printed tit",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ma-h-1280-194th",
      "jurisdiction": "MA",
      "number": "H 1280",
      "title": "An Act regulating insurance coverage for testing and deployment of autonomous vehicles and establishing school zone safety protocol",
      "summary": "Establishes insurance and operational requirements for autonomous-vehicle testing and deployment, including minimum coverage standards, school-zone safety protocols, public incident reporting, periodic insurance review, and coordination between the Division of Insurance and MassDOT.",
      "takeaway": "Establishes insurance and operational requirements for autonomous-vehicle testing and deployment, including minimum coverage standards, school-zone safety protocols, public incident reporting, periodic insurance review, and coordination between the Division of Insurance and MassDOT.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-12-01",
      "last_action": "Accompanied a study order, see H4777",
      "session": "194th",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2025-02-27"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/H1280",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ma/bills/194th/H1280/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/7ffec788-6cc4-485e-83f7-610381c530a4",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-09T06:00:20.099851+00:00",
      "source_summary": "By Representative Paulino of Methuen, a petition (accompanied by bill, House, No. 1280) of Francisco E. Paulino relative to insurance coverage for testing and deployment of and school zone safety protocol for autonomous vehicles.  Financial Services.",
      "summary_method": "Reviewed substantive-effect summary from official Massachusetts bill text or official legislative summary",
      "summary_quality": "reviewed_substantive"
    },
    {
      "id": "ma-h-3634-194th",
      "jurisdiction": "MA",
      "number": "H 3634",
      "title": "An Act relative to providing multimodal transportation technologies",
      "summary": "Creates a statewide framework for fully autonomous vehicles, including definitions and operating requirements for automated driving systems and a state-level regulatory structure for autonomous vehicle operation.",
      "takeaway": "Creates a statewide framework for fully autonomous vehicles, including definitions and operating requirements for automated driving systems and a state-level regulatory structure for autonomous vehicle operation.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-04-06",
      "last_action": "Accompanied a study order, see H5326",
      "session": "194th",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2025-02-27"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/H3634",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ma/bills/194th/H3634/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/e0c1505f-5e0b-46ab-965c-31d7394f417d",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-09T07:47:50.897617+00:00",
      "source_summary": "By Representatives Cahill of Lynn and Blais of Deerfield, a petition (accompanied by bill, House, No. 3634) of Daniel Cahill and Natalie M. Blais relative to autonomous vehicles.  Transportation.",
      "summary_method": "Reviewed substantive-effect summary from official Massachusetts bill text or official legislative summary",
      "summary_quality": "reviewed_substantive"
    },
    {
      "id": "ma-h-3649-194th",
      "jurisdiction": "MA",
      "number": "H 3649",
      "title": "An Act limiting autonomous driving capabilities to zero emission and electric vehicles",
      "summary": "Requires any autonomous vehicle operated on Massachusetts public roads to be a zero-emission vehicle, defined to include battery-electric, plug-in hybrid, and fuel-cell vehicles.",
      "takeaway": "Requires any autonomous vehicle operated on Massachusetts public roads to be a zero-emission vehicle, defined to include battery-electric, plug-in hybrid, and fuel-cell vehicles.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-11-24",
      "last_action": "Accompanied a study order, see H4775",
      "session": "194th",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2025-02-27"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/H3649",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ma/bills/194th/H3649/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/f31da09d-d215-40d1-a348-f158a9f7ca41",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-09T02:52:26.544405+00:00",
      "source_summary": "By Representative Day of Stoneham, a petition (accompanied by bill, House, No. 3649) of Michael S. Day relative to limiting autonomous driving capabilities to zero emission and electric vehicles.  Transportation.",
      "summary_method": "Reviewed substantive-effect summary from official Massachusetts bill text or official legislative summary",
      "summary_quality": "reviewed_substantive"
    },
    {
      "id": "ma-h-3669-194th",
      "jurisdiction": "MA",
      "number": "H 3669",
      "title": "An Act relative to the safety of autonomous vehicles",
      "summary": "Requires autonomous vehicles to continue meeting applicable federal motor-vehicle standards and prohibits passenger, goods, and interstate-commerce transport without a qualified human safety operator physically present and able to intervene.",
      "takeaway": "Requires autonomous vehicles to continue meeting applicable federal motor-vehicle standards and prohibits passenger, goods, and interstate-commerce transport without a qualified human safety operator physically present and able to intervene.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-04-09",
      "last_action": "Accompanied a study order, see H5328",
      "session": "194th",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2025-02-27"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/H3669",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ma/bills/194th/H3669/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/31d4c363-cbbf-48ca-a954-52c2f6bdfe89",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-09T02:49:05.141271+00:00",
      "source_summary": "By Representative Giannino of Revere, a petition (accompanied by bill, House, No. 3669) of Jessica Ann Giannino for legislation to further regulate the operation of autonomous vehicles.  Transportation.",
      "summary_method": "Reviewed substantive-effect summary from official Massachusetts bill text or official legislative summary",
      "summary_quality": "reviewed_substantive"
    },
    {
      "id": "ma-hd-1848-194th",
      "jurisdiction": "MA",
      "number": "HD 1848",
      "title": "An Act relative to the safety of autonomous vehicles",
      "summary": "Substantive summary unavailable in the source feed; review the official bill record for the bill text.",
      "takeaway": "Substantive summary unavailable in the source feed; review the official bill record for the bill text.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-01-15",
      "last_action": "No action text available",
      "session": "194th",
      "progress_stage": "introduced",
      "stage_dates": {},
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/HD1848",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ma/bills/194th/HD1848/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/406d04c6-c714-4373-8354-b612cf398726",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2025-01-15T23:13:05.006180+00:00",
      "source_summary": "An Act relative to the safety of autonomous vehicles",
      "summary_method": "Substantive-effect summary only; sponsor/petition boilerplate and title restatements are rejected",
      "summary_quality": "source_summary_insufficient"
    },
    {
      "id": "ma-hd-2268-194th",
      "jurisdiction": "MA",
      "number": "HD 2268",
      "title": "An Act regulating insurance coverage for testing and deployment of autonomous vehicles and establishing school zone safety protocol",
      "summary": "Substantive summary unavailable in the source feed; review the official bill record for the bill text.",
      "takeaway": "Substantive summary unavailable in the source feed; review the official bill record for the bill text.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-01-16",
      "last_action": "No action text available",
      "session": "194th",
      "progress_stage": "introduced",
      "stage_dates": {},
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/HD2268",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ma/bills/194th/HD2268/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/c10548d2-cda3-4aa9-9f6c-7009ac106207",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2025-01-16T01:35:46.863306+00:00",
      "source_summary": "An Act regulating insurance coverage for testing and deployment of autonomous vehicles and establishing school zone safety protocol",
      "summary_method": "Substantive-effect summary only; sponsor/petition boilerplate and title restatements are rejected",
      "summary_quality": "source_summary_insufficient"
    },
    {
      "id": "ma-hd-3325-194th",
      "jurisdiction": "MA",
      "number": "HD 3325",
      "title": "An Act limiting autonomous driving capabilities to zero emission and electric vehicles",
      "summary": "Substantive summary unavailable in the source feed; review the official bill record for the bill text.",
      "takeaway": "Substantive summary unavailable in the source feed; review the official bill record for the bill text.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-01-17",
      "last_action": "No action text available",
      "session": "194th",
      "progress_stage": "introduced",
      "stage_dates": {},
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/HD3325",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ma/bills/194th/HD3325/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/11e55480-96ad-4b95-a385-dc559c6d08d2",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2025-01-17T17:31:04.313578+00:00",
      "source_summary": "An Act limiting autonomous driving capabilities to zero emission and electric vehicles",
      "summary_method": "Substantive-effect summary only; sponsor/petition boilerplate and title restatements are rejected",
      "summary_quality": "source_summary_insufficient"
    },
    {
      "id": "ma-s-2379-194th",
      "jurisdiction": "MA",
      "number": "S 2379",
      "title": "An Act relative to providing multimodal transportation technologies",
      "summary": "Creates a statewide framework for fully autonomous vehicles, including MassDOT licensing, insurance or self-insurance requirements, treatment of the automated driving system as the driver when engaged, and state preemption of additional local AV-specific restrictions.",
      "takeaway": "Creates a statewide framework for fully autonomous vehicles, including MassDOT licensing, insurance or self-insurance requirements, treatment of the automated driving system as the driver when engaged, and state preemption of additional local AV-specific restrictions.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-07-31",
      "last_action": "Accompanied a study order, see S3245",
      "session": "194th",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2025-02-27"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/S2379",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ma/bills/194th/S2379/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/7fd29cd1-f49b-4ff4-a443-d16f62423eba",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-08-01T18:57:08.154116+00:00",
      "source_summary": "By Mr. Driscoll, a petition (accompanied by bill, Senate, No. 2379) of William J. Driscoll, Jr. for legislation relative to fully autonomous vehicle and human drivers.  Transportation.",
      "summary_method": "Reviewed substantive-effect summary from official Massachusetts bill text or official legislative summary",
      "summary_quality": "reviewed_substantive"
    },
    {
      "id": "ma-s-2393-194th",
      "jurisdiction": "MA",
      "number": "S 2393",
      "title": "An Act relative to the safety of autonomous vehicles",
      "summary": "Requires autonomous vehicles to continue meeting applicable federal motor-vehicle standards and prohibits them from transporting passengers, goods, or interstate commerce unless a qualified human safety operator is physically present and able to intervene.",
      "takeaway": "Requires autonomous vehicles to continue meeting applicable federal motor-vehicle standards and prohibits them from transporting passengers, goods, or interstate commerce unless a qualified human safety operator is physically present and able to intervene.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-07-31",
      "last_action": "Accompanied a study order, see S3245",
      "session": "194th",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2025-02-27"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/S2393",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ma/bills/194th/S2393/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/2ecf2de5-bd85-46e3-8f34-b4022b165220",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-08-01T18:56:57.200613+00:00",
      "source_summary": "By Mr. Feeney, a petition (accompanied by bill, Senate, No. 2393) of Paul R. Feeney for legislation relative to the safety and standards of autonomous vehicles.  Transportation.",
      "summary_method": "Reviewed substantive-effect summary from official Massachusetts bill text or official legislative summary",
      "summary_quality": "reviewed_substantive"
    },
    {
      "id": "ma-sd-2531-194th",
      "jurisdiction": "MA",
      "number": "SD 2531",
      "title": "An Act relative to the safety of autonomous vehicles",
      "summary": "Substantive summary unavailable in the source feed; review the official bill record for the bill text.",
      "takeaway": "Substantive summary unavailable in the source feed; review the official bill record for the bill text.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-01-20",
      "last_action": "No action text available",
      "session": "194th",
      "progress_stage": "introduced",
      "stage_dates": {},
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/SD2531",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ma/bills/194th/SD2531/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/f7edbe38-e245-4f25-a8f6-76fcbeabdfd5",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2025-01-20T22:17:26.453299+00:00",
      "source_summary": "An Act relative to the safety of autonomous vehicles",
      "summary_method": "Substantive-effect summary only; sponsor/petition boilerplate and title restatements are rejected",
      "summary_quality": "source_summary_insufficient"
    },
    {
      "id": "md-hb-1295-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "MD",
      "number": "HB 1295",
      "title": "Vehicle Laws - Fully Autonomous Vehicles",
      "summary": "Vehicle Laws - Fully Autonomous Vehicles",
      "takeaway": "Vehicle Laws - Fully Autonomous Vehicles",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-02-13",
      "last_action": "Hearing 3/05 at 1:00 p.m.",
      "session": "2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-02-12"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://openstates.org/md/bills/2026/HB1295/",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/md/bills/2026/HB1295/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/247fdb75-3555-40d3-85f6-ad4c7c13688b",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-17T21:48:05.800982+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Vehicle Laws - Fully Autonomous Vehicles",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "md-sb-909-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "MD",
      "number": "SB 909",
      "title": "Vehicle Laws - Fully Autonomous Vehicles",
      "summary": "Vehicle Laws - Fully Autonomous Vehicles",
      "takeaway": "Vehicle Laws - Fully Autonomous Vehicles",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-02-12",
      "last_action": "Hearing 3/04 at 1:00 p.m.",
      "session": "2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-02-06"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://openstates.org/md/bills/2026/SB909/",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/md/bills/2026/SB909/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/1253dbfd-d648-4291-afa7-3e2e608783fb",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-17T21:38:04.208094+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Vehicle Laws - Fully Autonomous Vehicles",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mn-hf-3513-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "MN",
      "number": "HF 3513",
      "title": "Autonomous vehicles regulated.",
      "summary": "Autonomous vehicles regulated.",
      "takeaway": "Autonomous vehicles regulated.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-04-16",
      "last_action": "Authors added Allen and Repinski",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-02-19",
        "committee": "2026-02-19"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/94/2026/0/HF/3513?body=House",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mn/bills/2025-2026/HF3513/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/799ae13e-1cf0-4efe-9ff9-f0d7ab691862",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-09-21T17:19:26.277823+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Autonomous vehicles regulated.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mn-hf-3810-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "MN",
      "number": "HF 3810",
      "title": "Natural person required to be present when a commercial motor vehicle is operated by an automated driving system, and criminal penalties established.",
      "summary": "Natural person required to be present when a commercial motor vehicle is operated by an automated driving system, and criminal penalties established.",
      "takeaway": "Natural person required to be present when a commercial motor vehicle is operated by an automated driving system, and criminal penalties established.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-12",
      "last_action": "Authors added Mekeland and Rehrauer",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-02-26",
        "committee": "2026-02-26"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/94/2026/0/HF/3810?body=House",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mn/bills/2025-2026/HF3810/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/febddebf-71e7-412d-a025-0d1cc259db55",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-09-21T17:17:32.849486+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Natural person required to be present when a commercial motor vehicle is operated by an automated driving system, and criminal penalties established.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mn-hf-4112-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "MN",
      "number": "HF 4112",
      "title": "Autonomous vehicles regulated.",
      "summary": "Autonomous vehicles regulated.",
      "takeaway": "Autonomous vehicles regulated.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-09",
      "last_action": "Introduction and first reading, referred to Commerce Finance and Policy",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-03-09",
        "committee": "2026-03-09"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/94/2026/0/HF/4112?body=House",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mn/bills/2025-2026/HF4112/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/a9ad25c8-cc55-48e0-880a-589f5d050f08",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-09-21T17:21:21.828527+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Autonomous vehicles regulated.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mn-hf-4216-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "MN",
      "number": "HF 4216",
      "title": "Advisory board established to study impacts of commercial autonomous vehicle operations implementation, minimum requirements for operation of commercial autonomous vehicles established, and permit process for commercial autonomous vehicle operations required.",
      "summary": "Advisory board established to study impacts of commercial autonomous vehicle operations implementation, minimum requirements for operation of commercial autonomous vehicles established, and permit process for commercial autonomous vehicle operations required.",
      "takeaway": "Advisory board established to study impacts of commercial autonomous vehicle operations implementation, minimum requirements for operation of commercial autonomous vehicles established, and permit process for commercial autonomous vehicle operations required.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-16",
      "last_action": "Authors added Lee, F.; Greenman, and Noor",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-03-12",
        "committee": "2026-03-12"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/94/2026/0/HF/4216?body=House",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mn/bills/2025-2026/HF4216/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/b4be4051-3a74-498f-acb7-718f60a97874",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-09-21T17:30:57.660268+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Advisory board established to study impacts of commercial autonomous vehicle operations implementation, minimum requirements for operation of commercial autonomous vehicles established, and permit process for commercial autonomous vehicle operations required.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mn-hf-4521-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "MN",
      "number": "HF 4521",
      "title": "Autonomous vehicles and on-demand autonomous vehicle networks operation authorized, and rulemaking authorized.",
      "summary": "Autonomous vehicles and on-demand autonomous vehicle networks operation authorized, and rulemaking authorized.",
      "takeaway": "Autonomous vehicles and on-demand autonomous vehicle networks operation authorized, and rulemaking authorized.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-23",
      "last_action": "Introduction and first reading, referred to Transportation Finance and Policy",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-03-23",
        "committee": "2026-03-23"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/94/2026/0/HF/4521?body=House",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mn/bills/2025-2026/HF4521/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/963a6a19-3e53-450a-b3e8-f3f44d80a273",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-09-21T17:18:01.719571+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Autonomous vehicles and on-demand autonomous vehicle networks operation authorized, and rulemaking authorized.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mn-sf-4010-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "MN",
      "number": "SF 4010",
      "title": "Certain autonomous vehicles regulations provision",
      "summary": "Certain autonomous vehicles regulations provision",
      "takeaway": "Certain autonomous vehicles regulations provision",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-04-15",
      "last_action": "Author added Westrom",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-03-02",
        "committee": "2026-03-02"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/94/2026/0/SF/4010?body=Senate",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mn/bills/2025-2026/SF4010/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/daa419f6-69cd-4d7f-91a7-ae6f5f941dce",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-09-25T06:14:56.671959+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Certain autonomous vehicles regulations provision",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mn-sf-4014-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "MN",
      "number": "SF 4014",
      "title": "Natural person requirement to be present when a commercial motor vehicle is operated by an automated driving system",
      "summary": "Natural person requirement to be present when a commercial motor vehicle is operated by an automated driving system",
      "takeaway": "Natural person requirement to be present when a commercial motor vehicle is operated by an automated driving system",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-23",
      "last_action": "Comm report: To pass as amended and re-refer to Judiciary and Public Safety",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-03-02",
        "committee": "2026-03-23"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/94/2026/0/SF/4014?body=Senate",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mn/bills/2025-2026/SF4014/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/c1e000a0-4ede-4de7-864c-a5230c05404e",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-09-25T06:08:47.130635+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Natural person requirement to be present when a commercial motor vehicle is operated by an automated driving system",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mn-sf-4381-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "MN",
      "number": "SF 4381",
      "title": "Advisory board establishment to study impacts of commercial autonomous vehicle operations implementation",
      "summary": "Advisory board establishment to study impacts of commercial autonomous vehicle operations implementation",
      "takeaway": "Advisory board establishment to study impacts of commercial autonomous vehicle operations implementation",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-23",
      "last_action": "Author added Johnson Stewart",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-03-11",
        "committee": "2026-03-11"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/94/2026/0/SF/4381?body=Senate",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mn/bills/2025-2026/SF4381/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/ad2c4803-afff-411b-95d5-d125bf0f5622",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-09-25T06:21:48.556511+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Advisory board establishment to study impacts of commercial autonomous vehicle operations implementation",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mn-sf-4618-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "MN",
      "number": "SF 4618",
      "title": "Operation of certain autonomous vehicles and on-demand autonomous vehicle networks authorization",
      "summary": "Operation of certain autonomous vehicles and on-demand autonomous vehicle networks authorization",
      "takeaway": "Operation of certain autonomous vehicles and on-demand autonomous vehicle networks authorization",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-04-07",
      "last_action": "Comm report: To pass as amended and re-refer to Judiciary and Public Safety",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-03-18",
        "committee": "2026-04-07"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/94/2026/0/SF/4618?body=Senate",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mn/bills/2025-2026/SF4618/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/2b7c6916-b6b5-474d-b4e8-f78c8b4706c2",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-09-25T06:21:15.398816+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Operation of certain autonomous vehicles and on-demand autonomous vehicle networks authorization",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mn-sf-4731-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "MN",
      "number": "SF 4731",
      "title": "Wheelchair accessibility for operators of autonomous vehicles requirement provision",
      "summary": "Wheelchair accessibility for operators of autonomous vehicles requirement provision",
      "takeaway": "Wheelchair accessibility for operators of autonomous vehicles requirement provision",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-23",
      "last_action": "Referred to Transportation",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-03-23",
        "committee": "2026-03-23"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/94/2026/0/SF/4731?body=Senate",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mn/bills/2025-2026/SF4731/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/f85b570e-c1e1-44ac-96b4-0beed38e21e0",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-09-25T05:49:09.358213+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Wheelchair accessibility for operators of autonomous vehicles requirement provision",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mo-hb-2267-2018",
      "jurisdiction": "MO",
      "number": "HB 2267",
      "title": "Enacts provisions relating to automated driving systems",
      "summary": "Enacts provisions relating to automated driving systems",
      "takeaway": "Enacts provisions relating to automated driving systems",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2018-05-18",
      "last_action": "Referred: Transportation(H)",
      "session": "2018",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2018-01-25",
        "committee": "2018-05-18"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://openstates.org/mo/bills/2018/HB2267/",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mo/bills/2018/HB2267/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/d17f7eb3-f360-4c6d-9a89-c7c2c4b969f6",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2020-04-29T00:11:37.270177+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Enacts provisions relating to automated driving systems",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mo-hb-2271-2018",
      "jurisdiction": "MO",
      "number": "HB 2271",
      "title": "Contains provisions relating to the operation of automated motor vehicles in the state and establishes the \"Automated Vehicle Safety Advisory Committee\"",
      "summary": "Contains provisions relating to the operation of automated motor vehicles in the state and establishes the \"Automated Vehicle Safety Advisory Committee\"",
      "takeaway": "Contains provisions relating to the operation of automated motor vehicles in the state and establishes the \"Automated Vehicle Safety Advisory Committee\"",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2018-05-18",
      "last_action": "Referred: Transportation(H)",
      "session": "2018",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2018-01-25",
        "committee": "2018-05-18"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://openstates.org/mo/bills/2018/HB2271/",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mo/bills/2018/HB2271/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/694b3b53-4c07-4ae1-8cc9-20de33ee0a78",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2020-04-29T00:11:50.270258+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Contains provisions relating to the operation of automated motor vehicles in the state and establishes the \"Automated Vehicle Safety Advisory Committee\"",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mo-sb-811-2018",
      "jurisdiction": "MO",
      "number": "SB 811",
      "title": "Enacts provisions relating to automated driving systems",
      "summary": "Enacts provisions relating to automated driving systems",
      "takeaway": "Enacts provisions relating to automated driving systems",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2018-01-17",
      "last_action": "Second Read and Referred S Transportation, Infrastructure and Public Safety Committee",
      "session": "2018",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2018-01-17"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://openstates.org/mo/bills/2018/SB811/",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mo/bills/2018/SB811/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/8948fb15-cf54-4447-9e61-5d1f97c84317",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2020-04-29T00:11:16.448790+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Enacts provisions relating to automated driving systems",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mt-lc-1344-2025",
      "jurisdiction": "MT",
      "number": "LC 1344",
      "title": "Joint resolution on automated vehicles",
      "summary": "Joint resolution on automated vehicles",
      "takeaway": "Joint resolution on automated vehicles",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-02-18",
      "last_action": "(LC) Draft Delivered to Requester",
      "session": "2025",
      "progress_stage": "introduced",
      "stage_dates": {},
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/lc/bill/2/LC1344",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mt/bills/2025/LC1344/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/c89b1538-496a-43b2-8412-8ce28bf15e60",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2025-02-18T22:54:37.345118+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Joint resolution on automated vehicles",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mt-lc-1679-2025",
      "jurisdiction": "MT",
      "number": "LC 1679",
      "title": "Generally revise laws related to autonomous vehicles",
      "summary": "Generally revise laws related to autonomous vehicles",
      "takeaway": "Generally revise laws related to autonomous vehicles",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-05-26",
      "last_action": "(LC) Draft Died in Process",
      "session": "2025",
      "progress_stage": "introduced",
      "stage_dates": {},
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/lc/bill/2/LC1679",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mt/bills/2025/LC1679/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/a49efcff-1b8b-4898-94ac-617a8dbb7b17",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-06-10T11:50:00.920457+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Generally revise laws related to autonomous vehicles",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mt-lc-179-2025",
      "jurisdiction": "MT",
      "number": "LC 179",
      "title": "Provide for the use of autonomous vehicles",
      "summary": "Provide for the use of autonomous vehicles",
      "takeaway": "Provide for the use of autonomous vehicles",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2024-11-19",
      "last_action": "(LC) Draft Ready for Delivery",
      "session": "2025",
      "progress_stage": "introduced",
      "stage_dates": {},
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/lc/bill/2/LC0179",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mt/bills/2025/LC179/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/f3f6f19e-f5c8-4d9f-bdee-3cd6f13beee3",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2024-12-15T01:05:35.941193+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Provide for the use of autonomous vehicles",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mt-sb-67-2025",
      "jurisdiction": "MT",
      "number": "SB 67",
      "title": "Provide for the use of autonomous vehicles",
      "summary": "Provide for the use of autonomous vehicles",
      "takeaway": "Provide for the use of autonomous vehicles",
      "status": "enacted",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-05-08",
      "last_action": "Chapter Number Assigned",
      "session": "2025",
      "progress_stage": "law",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2025-04-09",
        "passed_legislature": "2025-04-25",
        "executive": "2025-05-05",
        "law": "2025-05-08"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC0179?open_tab=sum",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mt/bills/2025/SB67/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/13567927-580a-4dcf-9957-44448a3e232b",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-08-10T11:50:17.301004+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Provide for the use of autonomous vehicles",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "mt-sj-16-2025",
      "jurisdiction": "MT",
      "number": "SJ 16",
      "title": "Joint resolution on automated vehicles",
      "summary": "Joint resolution on automated vehicles",
      "takeaway": "Joint resolution on automated vehicles",
      "status": "passed",
      "measure_type": "resolution",
      "last_action_date": "2025-05-05",
      "last_action": "(S) Filed with Secretary of State",
      "session": "2025",
      "progress_stage": "passed_legislature",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2025-04-04",
        "passed_legislature": "2025-05-02"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC1344?open_tab=sum",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/mt/bills/2025/SJ16/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/6474efc4-59c5-404e-a66f-895d9b6e65f7",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-08-10T12:21:27.565977+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Joint resolution on automated vehicles",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "nj-a-3968-222",
      "jurisdiction": "NJ",
      "number": "A 3968",
      "title": "Establishes fully autonomous vehicle pilot program.*",
      "summary": "Establishes fully autonomous vehicle pilot program.*",
      "takeaway": "Establishes fully autonomous vehicle pilot program.*",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-06-01",
      "last_action": "Reported as an Assembly Committee Substitute and Referred to Assembly Appropriations Committee",
      "session": "222",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-01-13",
        "committee": "2026-06-01"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2026/A3968",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/nj/bills/222/A3968/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/a11c582f-0f3e-41fe-a6ee-643e7c59f29c",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-09-11T09:46:48.993971+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Establishes fully autonomous vehicle pilot program.*",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "nj-a-768-222",
      "jurisdiction": "NJ",
      "number": "A 768",
      "title": "Permits testing and use of autonomous vehicles on State roadways under certain circumstances.",
      "summary": "Permits testing and use of autonomous vehicles on State roadways under certain circumstances.",
      "takeaway": "Permits testing and use of autonomous vehicles on State roadways under certain circumstances.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-01-13",
      "last_action": "Introduced, Referred to Assembly Science, Innovation and Technology Committee",
      "session": "222",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-01-13",
        "committee": "2026-01-13"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2026/A768",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/nj/bills/222/A768/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/d7804158-cc0c-4831-b5a4-11b2ecc3ecf2",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T08:30:36.335973+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Permits testing and use of autonomous vehicles on State roadways under certain circumstances.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "nj-a-958-222",
      "jurisdiction": "NJ",
      "number": "A 958",
      "title": "Requires DLPS to establish training program to prepare law enforcement to interact with autonomous vehicles.",
      "summary": "Requires DLPS to establish training program to prepare law enforcement to interact with autonomous vehicles.",
      "takeaway": "Requires DLPS to establish training program to prepare law enforcement to interact with autonomous vehicles.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-01-13",
      "last_action": "Introduced, Referred to Assembly Public Safety and Preparedness Committee",
      "session": "222",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-01-13",
        "committee": "2026-01-13"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2026/A958",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/nj/bills/222/A958/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/85195e7d-c0ad-4dea-81ad-38942383a40e",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T08:54:26.601224+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Requires DLPS to establish training program to prepare law enforcement to interact with autonomous vehicles.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "nj-s-1677-222",
      "jurisdiction": "NJ",
      "number": "S 1677",
      "title": "Establishes fully autonomous vehicle pilot program.*",
      "summary": "Establishes fully autonomous vehicle pilot program.*",
      "takeaway": "Establishes fully autonomous vehicle pilot program.*",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-05-11",
      "last_action": "Referred to Senate Budget and Appropriations Committee",
      "session": "222",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-01-13",
        "committee": "2026-05-11"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2026/S1677",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/nj/bills/222/S1677/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/446a3177-7fce-496d-a08e-3903eeb8f7da",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-09-29T11:31:53.787459+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Establishes fully autonomous vehicle pilot program.*",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ny-a-10008-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "NY",
      "number": "A 10008",
      "title": "Enacts into law major components of legislation necessary to implement the state transportation, economic development and environmental conservation budget for the 2026-2027 state fiscal year",
      "summary": "Enacts into law major components of legislation necessary to implement the state transportation, economic development and environmental conservation budget for the 2026-2027 state fiscal year; extends provisions of law relating to increasing certain motor vehicle transaction fees (Part A); extends the accident prevention course internet technology pilot program (Part B); establishes a demonstration program in the city of New York for the installation and operation of intelligent speed assistance devices (Part D); extends provisions of law relating to motor vehicles equipped with autonomous vehicle technology (Part E); expands the automated work zone speed enforcement program utilizing photo",
      "takeaway": "Enacts into law major components of legislation necessary to implement the state transportation, economic development and environmental conservation budget for the 2026-2027 state fiscal year; extends provisions of law relating to increasing certain motor vehicle transaction fees (Part A); extends the accident prevention course internet technology pilot program (Part B); establishes a demonstration program in the city of New York for the installation and operation of intelligent speed assistance devices (Part D); extends provisions of law relating to motor vehicles equipped with autonomous vehicle technology (Part E); expands the automated work zone speed enforcement program utilizing photo",
      "status": "enacted",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-05-26",
      "last_action": "SIGNED CHAP.58",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "law",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-05-26",
        "passed_legislature": "2026-05-26",
        "executive": "2026-05-26"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/api/3/bills/2025-2026/A10008?summary=&detail=",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ny/bills/2025-2026/A10008/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/d56dce65-2200-40f9-91fb-88b69f290ba7",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-05-28T00:28:31.851624+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Enacts into law major components of legislation necessary to implement the state transportation, economic development and environmental conservation budget for the 2026-2027 state fiscal year; extends provisions of law relating to increasing certain motor vehicle transaction fees (Part A); extends the accident prevention course internet technology pilot program (Part B); establishes a demonstration program in the city of New York for the installation and operation of intelligent speed assistance devices (Part D); extends provisions of law relating to motor vehicles equipped with autonomous vehicle technology (Part E); expands the automated work zone speed enforcement program utilizing photo ",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ny-a-11500-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "NY",
      "number": "A 11500",
      "title": "Relates to fully autonomous vehicles",
      "summary": "Authorizes the use of fully autonomous vehicles in Albany and Rensselaer counties until July 1, 2028; provides for operation, licensing, insurance, duties following crashes, on-demand autonomous vehicle networks, registration and titles, operation by human drivers, and related provisions.",
      "takeaway": "Authorizes the use of fully autonomous vehicles in Albany and Rensselaer counties until July 1, 2028; provides for operation, licensing, insurance, duties following crashes, on-demand autonomous vehicle networks, registration and titles, operation by human drivers, and related provisions.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-05-28",
      "last_action": "REFERRED TO TRANSPORTATION",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-05-28"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/api/3/bills/2025-2026/A11500?summary=&detail=",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ny/bills/2025-2026/A11500/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/38e308ec-1f9e-45a8-96a9-5b6195249969",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-05-29T14:28:44.677147+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Authorizes the use of fully autonomous vehicles in Albany and Rensselaer counties until July 1, 2028; provides for operation, licensing, insurance, duties following crashes, on-demand autonomous vehicle networks, registration and titles, operation by human drivers, and related provisions.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ny-a-3650-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "NY",
      "number": "A 3650",
      "title": "Relates to autonomous vehicle driving",
      "summary": "Provides that a person may operate a fully autonomous vehicle on the public roads of this state without a human driver provided that the automated driving system is engaged and the vehicle meets certain conditions; defines terms; requires insurance and that such vehicle is registered as a fully autonomous vehicle; makes related provisions.",
      "takeaway": "Provides that a person may operate a fully autonomous vehicle on the public roads of this state without a human driver provided that the automated driving system is engaged and the vehicle meets certain conditions; defines terms; requires insurance and that such vehicle is registered as a fully autonomous vehicle; makes related provisions.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-02-05",
      "last_action": "ENACTING CLAUSE STRICKEN",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2025-01-29"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/api/3/bills/2025-2026/A3650?summary=&detail=",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ny/bills/2025-2026/A3650/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/f3418e5d-4e57-4b37-be2e-c2478804bc57",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T10:58:37.753311+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Provides that a person may operate a fully autonomous vehicle on the public roads of this state without a human driver provided that the automated driving system is engaged and the vehicle meets certain conditions; defines terms; requires insurance and that such vehicle is registered as a fully autonomous vehicle; makes related provisions.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ny-a-4901-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "NY",
      "number": "A 4901",
      "title": "Relates to autonomous vehicle driving",
      "summary": "Provides that a person may operate a fully autonomous vehicle on the public roads of this state without a human driver provided that the automated driving system is engaged and the vehicle meets certain conditions; defines terms; requires insurance and that such vehicle is registered as a fully autonomous vehicle; makes related provisions.",
      "takeaway": "Provides that a person may operate a fully autonomous vehicle on the public roads of this state without a human driver provided that the automated driving system is engaged and the vehicle meets certain conditions; defines terms; requires insurance and that such vehicle is registered as a fully autonomous vehicle; makes related provisions.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-04-24",
      "last_action": "PRINT NUMBER 4901B",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-04-24"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/api/3/bills/2025-2026/A4901?summary=&detail=",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ny/bills/2025-2026/A4901/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/acb10ba4-826e-46d8-9f29-749bfc985157",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-05-07T02:52:08.850632+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Provides that a person may operate a fully autonomous vehicle on the public roads of this state without a human driver provided that the automated driving system is engaged and the vehicle meets certain conditions; defines terms; requires insurance and that such vehicle is registered as a fully autonomous vehicle; makes related provisions.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ny-a-6180-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "NY",
      "number": "A 6180",
      "title": "Excludes a production using artificial intelligence or autonomous vehicles in a manner which results in the displacement of employees from the definition of qualified film",
      "summary": "Excludes a production using artificial intelligence or autonomous vehicles in a manner which results in the displacement of employees whose salaries are qualified expenses from the definition of qualified film for the purposes of the empire state film production credit.",
      "takeaway": "Excludes a production using artificial intelligence or autonomous vehicles in a manner which results in the displacement of employees whose salaries are qualified expenses from the definition of qualified film for the purposes of the empire state film production credit.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-01-07",
      "last_action": "REFERRED TO WAYS AND MEANS",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-01-07"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/api/3/bills/2025-2026/A6180?summary=&detail=",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ny/bills/2025-2026/A6180/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/853fc0c8-dd75-4bce-8cb3-4252321031c6",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T10:34:21.080543+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Excludes a production using artificial intelligence or autonomous vehicles in a manner which results in the displacement of employees whose salaries are qualified expenses from the definition of qualified film for the purposes of the empire state film production credit.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ny-a-728-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "NY",
      "number": "A 728",
      "title": "Relates to requiring the department of labor to conduct a study on the potential impact of driverless vehicles",
      "summary": "Requires the department of labor to conduct a study on the potential impact of driverless vehicles on occupations and employment.",
      "takeaway": "Requires the department of labor to conduct a study on the potential impact of driverless vehicles on occupations and employment.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-01-07",
      "last_action": "REFERRED TO LABOR",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-01-07"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/api/3/bills/2025-2026/A728?summary=&detail=",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ny/bills/2025-2026/A728/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/43e44588-6ba7-44b3-9b55-d44636d905b7",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T09:21:56.997484+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Requires the department of labor to conduct a study on the potential impact of driverless vehicles on occupations and employment.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ny-a-793-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "NY",
      "number": "A 793",
      "title": "Relates to the operation of autonomous taxicabs in N.Y. city",
      "summary": "Provides that no autonomous vehicle may be used for taxi, livery or transportation network company vehicle services in any city with a population of one million or more without first being licensed by the New York City taxi and limousine commission; requires the New York City taxi and limousine commission to establish a license for use of an autonomous vehicle as a taxicab and to promulgate rules regarding such license and the operation of autonomous taxicabs.",
      "takeaway": "Provides that no autonomous vehicle may be used for taxi, livery or transportation network company vehicle services in any city with a population of one million or more without first being licensed by the New York City taxi and limousine commission; requires the New York City taxi and limousine commission to establish a license for use of an autonomous vehicle as a taxicab and to promulgate rules regarding such license and the operation of autonomous taxicabs.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-01-07",
      "last_action": "REFERRED TO TRANSPORTATION",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-01-07"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/api/3/bills/2025-2026/A793?summary=&detail=",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ny/bills/2025-2026/A793/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/2f06951b-d649-4c2f-91bb-8d65389cc442",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-05-16T05:50:49.029583+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Provides that no autonomous vehicle may be used for taxi, livery or transportation network company vehicle services in any city with a population of one million or more without first being licensed by the New York City taxi and limousine commission; requires the New York City taxi and limousine commission to establish a license for use of an autonomous vehicle as a taxicab and to promulgate rules regarding such license and the operation of autonomous taxicabs.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ny-a-8109-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "NY",
      "number": "A 8109",
      "title": "Establishes the New York state autonomous vehicle task force",
      "summary": "Establishes the New York state autonomous vehicle task force to study autonomous vehicle usage on the roads located within the state of New York.",
      "takeaway": "Establishes the New York state autonomous vehicle task force to study autonomous vehicle usage on the roads located within the state of New York.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-01-07",
      "last_action": "REFERRED TO TRANSPORTATION",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-01-07"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/api/3/bills/2025-2026/A8109?summary=&detail=",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ny/bills/2025-2026/A8109/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/13cfdb6e-b7eb-4d6e-bd42-41307e4be8a3",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T09:51:23.635517+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Establishes the New York state autonomous vehicle task force to study autonomous vehicle usage on the roads located within the state of New York.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ny-s-10413-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "NY",
      "number": "S 10413",
      "title": "Relates to the operation of autonomous taxicabs in a city having a population of one million or more",
      "summary": "Provides that no autonomous vehicle may be used for taxi, livery or transportation network company vehicle services in any city with a population of one million or more without first being licensed by the New York City taxi and limousine commission; requires the New York City taxi and limousine commission to establish a license for use of an autonomous vehicle as a taxicab and to promulgate rules regarding such license and the operation of autonomous taxicabs.",
      "takeaway": "Provides that no autonomous vehicle may be used for taxi, livery or transportation network company vehicle services in any city with a population of one million or more without first being licensed by the New York City taxi and limousine commission; requires the New York City taxi and limousine commission to establish a license for use of an autonomous vehicle as a taxicab and to promulgate rules regarding such license and the operation of autonomous taxicabs.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-05-15",
      "last_action": "REFERRED TO TRANSPORTATION",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-05-15"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/api/3/bills/2025-2026/S10413?summary=&detail=",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ny/bills/2025-2026/S10413/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/d73295c2-887f-4676-b802-2e1d9432e649",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-05-16T06:58:13.550388+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Provides that no autonomous vehicle may be used for taxi, livery or transportation network company vehicle services in any city with a population of one million or more without first being licensed by the New York City taxi and limousine commission; requires the New York City taxi and limousine commission to establish a license for use of an autonomous vehicle as a taxicab and to promulgate rules regarding such license and the operation of autonomous taxicabs.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ny-s-10473-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "NY",
      "number": "S 10473",
      "title": "Relates to fully autonomous vehicles",
      "summary": "Authorizes the use of fully autonomous vehicles in Albany and Rensselaer counties until July 1, 2028; provides for operation, licensing, insurance, duties following crashes, on-demand autonomous vehicle networks, registration and titles, operation by human drivers, and related provisions.",
      "takeaway": "Authorizes the use of fully autonomous vehicles in Albany and Rensselaer counties until July 1, 2028; provides for operation, licensing, insurance, duties following crashes, on-demand autonomous vehicle networks, registration and titles, operation by human drivers, and related provisions.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-05-15",
      "last_action": "REFERRED TO TRANSPORTATION",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-05-15"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/api/3/bills/2025-2026/S10473?summary=&detail=",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ny/bills/2025-2026/S10473/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/b9086856-b880-4e26-beb1-7fdf764dc6ab",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-05-29T14:15:56.844512+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Authorizes the use of fully autonomous vehicles in Albany and Rensselaer counties until July 1, 2028; provides for operation, licensing, insurance, duties following crashes, on-demand autonomous vehicle networks, registration and titles, operation by human drivers, and related provisions.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ny-s-2688-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "NY",
      "number": "S 2688",
      "title": "Relates to the operation of autonomous taxicabs in a city having a population of one million or more",
      "summary": "Provides that no autonomous vehicle may be used for taxi, livery or transportation network company vehicle services in any city with a population of one million or more without first being licensed by the New York City taxi and limousine commission; requires the New York City taxi and limousine commission to establish a license for use of an autonomous vehicle as a taxicab and to promulgate rules regarding such license and the operation of autonomous taxicabs.",
      "takeaway": "Provides that no autonomous vehicle may be used for taxi, livery or transportation network company vehicle services in any city with a population of one million or more without first being licensed by the New York City taxi and limousine commission; requires the New York City taxi and limousine commission to establish a license for use of an autonomous vehicle as a taxicab and to promulgate rules regarding such license and the operation of autonomous taxicabs.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-01-22",
      "last_action": "REFERRED TO TRANSPORTATION",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2025-01-22"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/api/3/bills/2025-2026/S2688?summary=&detail=",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ny/bills/2025-2026/S2688/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/ca660689-6862-45c6-b88f-67a95ccb19fe",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T09:35:25.968566+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Provides that no autonomous vehicle may be used for taxi, livery or transportation network company vehicle services in any city with a population of one million or more without first being licensed by the New York City taxi and limousine commission; requires the New York City taxi and limousine commission to establish a license for use of an autonomous vehicle as a taxicab and to promulgate rules regarding such license and the operation of autonomous taxicabs.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ny-s-344-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "NY",
      "number": "S 344",
      "title": "Relates to autonomous vehicle driving",
      "summary": "Provides that a person may operate a fully autonomous vehicle on the public roads of this state without a human driver provided that the automated driving system is engaged and the vehicle meets certain conditions; defines terms; requires insurance and that such vehicle is registered as a fully autonomous vehicle; makes related provisions.",
      "takeaway": "Provides that a person may operate a fully autonomous vehicle on the public roads of this state without a human driver provided that the automated driving system is engaged and the vehicle meets certain conditions; defines terms; requires insurance and that such vehicle is registered as a fully autonomous vehicle; makes related provisions.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-05-06",
      "last_action": "PRINT NUMBER 344B",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-05-06"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/api/3/bills/2025-2026/S344?summary=&detail=",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ny/bills/2025-2026/S344/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/5bc6e3eb-604a-4328-a017-1b0bb39a29ef",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-05-15T07:13:10.604800+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Provides that a person may operate a fully autonomous vehicle on the public roads of this state without a human driver provided that the automated driving system is engaged and the vehicle meets certain conditions; defines terms; requires insurance and that such vehicle is registered as a fully autonomous vehicle; makes related provisions.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ny-s-6751-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "NY",
      "number": "S 6751",
      "title": "Excludes a production using artificial intelligence or autonomous vehicles in a manner which results in the displacement of employees from the definition of qualified film",
      "summary": "Excludes a production using artificial intelligence or autonomous vehicles in a manner which results in the displacement of employees whose salaries are qualified expenses from the definition of qualified film for the purposes of the empire state film production credit.",
      "takeaway": "Excludes a production using artificial intelligence or autonomous vehicles in a manner which results in the displacement of employees whose salaries are qualified expenses from the definition of qualified film for the purposes of the empire state film production credit.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-01-07",
      "last_action": "REFERRED TO INVESTIGATIONS AND GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-01-07"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/api/3/bills/2025-2026/S6751?summary=&detail=",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ny/bills/2025-2026/S6751/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/43a93e40-f598-486e-8812-434135cc3306",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T11:24:16.715416+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Excludes a production using artificial intelligence or autonomous vehicles in a manner which results in the displacement of employees whose salaries are qualified expenses from the definition of qualified film for the purposes of the empire state film production credit.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ny-s-7956-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "NY",
      "number": "S 7956",
      "title": "Requires human safety operators for certain autonomous vehicles",
      "summary": "Prohibits any motor vehicle with a manufacturers' gross vehicle weight rating of ten thousand one pounds or more which utilizes autonomous vehicle technology from being operated on public highways unless a natural person holding a valid license for the operation of the motor vehicle's class is present within such vehicle.",
      "takeaway": "Prohibits any motor vehicle with a manufacturers' gross vehicle weight rating of ten thousand one pounds or more which utilizes autonomous vehicle technology from being operated on public highways unless a natural person holding a valid license for the operation of the motor vehicle's class is present within such vehicle.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-01-07",
      "last_action": "REFERRED TO TRANSPORTATION",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-01-07"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/api/3/bills/2025-2026/S7956?summary=&detail=",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ny/bills/2025-2026/S7956/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/9f52f0f7-48f8-47bf-84c2-baf3d6f44d13",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T09:08:44.729630+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Prohibits any motor vehicle with a manufacturers' gross vehicle weight rating of ten thousand one pounds or more which utilizes autonomous vehicle technology from being operated on public highways unless a natural person holding a valid license for the operation of the motor vehicle's class is present within such vehicle.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ny-s-9008-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "NY",
      "number": "S 9008",
      "title": "Enacts into law major components of legislation necessary to implement the state transportation, economic development and environmental conservation budget for the 2026-2027 state fiscal year",
      "summary": "Enacts into law major components of legislation necessary to implement the state transportation, economic development and environmental conservation budget for the 2026-2027 state fiscal year; extends provisions of law relating to increasing certain motor vehicle transaction fees (Part A); extends the accident prevention course internet technology pilot program (Part B); establishes a demonstration program in the city of New York for the installation and operation of intelligent speed assistance devices (Part D); extends provisions of law relating to motor vehicles equipped with autonomous vehicle technology (Part E); expands the automated work zone speed enforcement program utilizing photo",
      "takeaway": "Enacts into law major components of legislation necessary to implement the state transportation, economic development and environmental conservation budget for the 2026-2027 state fiscal year; extends provisions of law relating to increasing certain motor vehicle transaction fees (Part A); extends the accident prevention course internet technology pilot program (Part B); establishes a demonstration program in the city of New York for the installation and operation of intelligent speed assistance devices (Part D); extends provisions of law relating to motor vehicles equipped with autonomous vehicle technology (Part E); expands the automated work zone speed enforcement program utilizing photo",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-05-26",
      "last_action": "SUBSTITUTED BY A10008C",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-05-25"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/api/3/bills/2025-2026/S9008?summary=&detail=",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ny/bills/2025-2026/S9008/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/d395b3d7-36c8-4fa8-b0e8-031f41dc306b",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-05-26T23:52:52.803038+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Enacts into law major components of legislation necessary to implement the state transportation, economic development and environmental conservation budget for the 2026-2027 state fiscal year; extends provisions of law relating to increasing certain motor vehicle transaction fees (Part A); extends the accident prevention course internet technology pilot program (Part B); establishes a demonstration program in the city of New York for the installation and operation of intelligent speed assistance devices (Part D); extends provisions of law relating to motor vehicles equipped with autonomous vehicle technology (Part E); expands the automated work zone speed enforcement program utilizing photo ",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "or-hb-4085-2026r1",
      "jurisdiction": "OR",
      "number": "HB 4085",
      "title": "Relating to autonomous vehicles.",
      "summary": "Requires an automated driving system to be able to achieve a minimal risk condition or issue a request to intervene. Requires an autonomous vehicle to operate in compliance with state vehicle laws and comply with federal safety standards.",
      "takeaway": "Requires an automated driving system to be able to achieve a minimal risk condition or issue a request to intervene. Requires an autonomous vehicle to operate in compliance with state vehicle laws and comply with federal safety standards.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-07",
      "last_action": "In committee upon adjournment.",
      "session": "2026R1",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-02-02",
        "committee": "2026-02-02"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2026R1/Measures/Overview/HB4085",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/or/bills/2026R1/HB4085/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/58ef7376-d690-42f7-bf20-600cd6a0073e",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-17T20:53:57.400581+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Allows a person to operate an autonomous vehicle with the automated driving system engaged without a grant of driving privileges if certain conditions are met. Requires an automated driving system to be able to achieve a minimal risk condition or issue a request to intervene. Requires an autonomous vehicle to operate in compliance with state vehicle laws and comply with federal safety standards. Provides for exemptions. Allows the Department of Transportation to grant an autonomous vehicle that operates exclusively by an automated driving system and without an onboard driver an exemption to any state equipment requirement. Requires a person operating an autonomous vehicle that is involved in",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "pa-hb-1639-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "PA",
      "number": "HB 1639",
      "title": "An Act amending Title 75 (Vehicles) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in highly automated vehicles, further providing for certificate of compliance required.",
      "summary": "An Act amending Title 75 (Vehicles) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in highly automated vehicles, further providing for certificate of compliance required.",
      "takeaway": "An Act amending Title 75 (Vehicles) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in highly automated vehicles, further providing for certificate of compliance required.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-06-23",
      "last_action": "Referred to Transportation",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2025-06-23"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.palegis.us/legislation/bills/2025/hb1639",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/pa/bills/2025-2026/HB1639/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/e448f2f6-1c79-4aff-94ed-ab59d4f74617",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T14:57:16.519681+00:00",
      "source_summary": "An Act amending Title 75 (Vehicles) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in highly automated vehicles, further providing for certificate of compliance required.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "pa-hb-2069-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "PA",
      "number": "HB 2069",
      "title": "An Act amending Title 75 (Vehicles) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in general provisions relating to operation of vehicles, providing for automated vehicle noise enforcement systems; and imposing penalties.",
      "summary": "An Act amending Title 75 (Vehicles) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in general provisions relating to operation of vehicles, providing for automated vehicle noise enforcement systems; and imposing penalties.",
      "takeaway": "An Act amending Title 75 (Vehicles) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in general provisions relating to operation of vehicles, providing for automated vehicle noise enforcement systems; and imposing penalties.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2025-12-03",
      "last_action": "Referred to Transportation",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2025-12-03"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.palegis.us/legislation/bills/2025/hb2069",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/pa/bills/2025-2026/HB2069/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/a3079520-d610-4f17-9322-e372af5fc87f",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T14:38:15.734946+00:00",
      "source_summary": "An Act amending Title 75 (Vehicles) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in general provisions relating to operation of vehicles, providing for automated vehicle noise enforcement systems; and imposing penalties.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "pa-hr-563-2025-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "PA",
      "number": "HR 563",
      "title": "A Resolution directing the Joint State Government Commission to conduct a study and issue a report on the impact driverless vehicles have on safety and the workforce.",
      "summary": "A Resolution directing the Joint State Government Commission to conduct a study and issue a report on the impact driverless vehicles have on safety and the workforce.",
      "takeaway": "A Resolution directing the Joint State Government Commission to conduct a study and issue a report on the impact driverless vehicles have on safety and the workforce.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "resolution",
      "last_action_date": "2026-06-10",
      "last_action": "Referred to Communications & Technology",
      "session": "2025-2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-06-10"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://www.palegis.us/legislation/bills/2025/hr563",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/pa/bills/2025-2026/HR563/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/3f084599-49a4-419a-9097-40cffb8f77cb",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-06-11T01:46:59.119795+00:00",
      "source_summary": "A Resolution directing the Joint State Government Commission to conduct a study and issue a report on the impact driverless vehicles have on safety and the workforce.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ut-hb-581-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "UT",
      "number": "HB 581",
      "title": "Autonomous Vehicle Amendments",
      "summary": "Autonomous Vehicle Amendments",
      "takeaway": "Autonomous Vehicle Amendments",
      "status": "passed",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-07",
      "last_action": "House/ filed",
      "session": "2026",
      "progress_stage": "passed_legislature",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-03-02",
        "passed_legislature": "2026-03-04"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/HB0581.html",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ut/bills/2026/HB581/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/282b7aed-0f65-40c7-a120-9c2a559e67ab",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-09T15:24:35.575309+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Autonomous Vehicle Amendments",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "ut-sb-292-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "UT",
      "number": "SB 292",
      "title": "Autonomous Systems Amendments",
      "summary": "Autonomous Systems Amendments",
      "takeaway": "Autonomous Systems Amendments",
      "status": "enacted",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-23",
      "last_action": "Governor Signed",
      "session": "2026",
      "progress_stage": "law",
      "stage_dates": {
        "committee": "2026-03-04",
        "passed_legislature": "2026-03-07",
        "executive": "2026-03-23"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/SB0292.html",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/ut/bills/2026/SB292/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/beab47ee-fa53-4916-85e1-e4b25d9d52ec",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-07-09T15:13:48.232873+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Autonomous Systems Amendments",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "va-hb-1124-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "VA",
      "number": "HB 1124",
      "title": "Autonomous vehicles; work group to conduct and assessment of workforce impacts, etc.",
      "summary": "Directs the existing work group convened by the Secretary of Transportation regarding autonomous driving systems to (i) conduct an assessment of the workforce impacts created by autonomous vehicles, including an overview of job losses and gains; (ii) identify and include stakeholders and representatives from the auto manufacturing industry and labor representatives from the passenger and product carrier business; and (iii) conduct an assessment of labor impacts created by autonomous vehicles no later than November 1, 2026.",
      "takeaway": "Directs the existing work group convened by the Secretary of Transportation regarding autonomous driving systems to (i) conduct an assessment of the workforce impacts created by autonomous vehicles, including an overview of job losses and gains; (ii) identify and include stakeholders and representatives from the auto manufacturing industry and labor representatives from the passenger and product carrier business; and (iii) conduct an assessment of labor impacts created by autonomous vehicles no later than November 1, 2026.",
      "status": "enacted",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-04-13",
      "last_action": "Approved by Governor-Chapter 738 (effective 7/1/2026)",
      "session": "2026",
      "progress_stage": "law",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-01-14",
        "committee": "2026-02-17",
        "passed_legislature": "2026-03-31",
        "executive": "2026-04-13"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/HB1124",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/va/bills/2026/HB1124/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/ba6cf3ea-99d0-4e29-a453-2dd201b24204",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-04-14T20:29:27.255169+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Autonomous driving systems; work group convened by the Secretary of Transportation; certain assessments and stakeholders. Directs the existing work group convened by the Secretary of Transportation regarding autonomous driving systems to (i) conduct an assessment of the workforce impacts created by autonomous vehicles, including an overview of job losses and gains; (ii) identify and include stakeholders and representatives from the auto manufacturing industry and labor representatives from the passenger and product carrier business; and (iii) conduct an assessment of labor impacts created by autonomous vehicles no later than November 1, 2026.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "va-hb-1125-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "VA",
      "number": "HB 1125",
      "title": "Automated driving systems; requirements for operation, civil penalties, report.",
      "summary": "Provides requirements for the operation of fully autonomous vehicles and motor vehicles operated with an automated driving system engaged. The bill requires fully autonomous vehicles and automated driving systems operated in the Commonwealth to receive autonomous operation licenses prior to being operated in the Commonwealth.",
      "takeaway": "Provides requirements for the operation of fully autonomous vehicles and motor vehicles operated with an automated driving system engaged. The bill requires fully autonomous vehicles and automated driving systems operated in the Commonwealth to receive autonomous operation licenses prior to being operated in the Commonwealth.",
      "status": "introduced",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-02-18",
      "last_action": "Left in Committee Transportation",
      "session": "2026",
      "progress_stage": "committee",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-01-14",
        "committee": "2026-01-29"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/HB1125",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/va/bills/2026/HB1125/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/0e880753-08af-48c3-ac7e-e824aa023b42",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-18T08:35:37.974953+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Automated driving systems; civil penalties; work group; report. Provides requirements for the  operation of fully autonomous vehicles and motor vehicles operated with an  automated driving system engaged. The bill requires fully autonomous vehicles  and automated driving systems operated in the Commonwealth to receive  autonomous operation licenses prior to being operated in the Commonwealth. The  bill provides requirements regarding geofences and requirements for providers,  as those terms are defined in the bill. The bill also prohibits localities from  prohibiting the operation of fully autonomous vehicles or motor vehicles  operated with an automated driving system. The bill establishes ",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    },
    {
      "id": "va-sb-670-2026",
      "jurisdiction": "VA",
      "number": "SB 670",
      "title": "Fully autonomous vehicles; commercial use, civil penalty.",
      "summary": "Provides requirements for the operation of fully autonomous vehicles operated to transport property or passengers in furtherance of a commercial enterprise. The bill requires persons operating such fully autonomous vehicles to receive autonomous operation licenses prior to such operation in the Commonwealth.",
      "takeaway": "Provides requirements for the operation of fully autonomous vehicles operated to transport property or passengers in furtherance of a commercial enterprise. The bill requires persons operating such fully autonomous vehicles to receive autonomous operation licenses prior to such operation in the Commonwealth.",
      "status": "passed",
      "measure_type": "bill",
      "last_action_date": "2026-03-09",
      "last_action": "Fiscal Impact statement From VCSC (3/9/2026 10:38 am)",
      "session": "2026",
      "progress_stage": "passed_legislature",
      "stage_dates": {
        "introduced": "2026-01-14",
        "committee": "2026-02-20",
        "passed_legislature": "2026-02-12"
      },
      "hearings": [],
      "source_url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/SB670",
      "repository_url": "https://openstates.org/va/bills/2026/SB670/",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-29",
      "summary_reviewed_at": null,
      "openstates_id": "ocd-bill/c1f332fa-a8a1-4bea-9521-80b75f26f867",
      "openstates_updated_at": "2026-03-17T22:15:33.564702+00:00",
      "source_summary": "Commercial use of fully autonomous vehicles. Provides requirements for the operation of fully autonomous vehicles operated to transport property or passengers in furtherance of a commercial enterprise. The bill requires persons operating such fully autonomous vehicles to receive autonomous operation licenses prior to such operation in the Commonwealth.",
      "summary_method": "Observatory whole-abstract condensation; operative provisions prioritized over existing-law background"
    }
  ],
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