{
  "schema_version": "1.0.0",
  "dataset": "NHTSA AV / ADAS Defect Investigations",
  "source_url": "https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/ffdd/inv/FLAT_INV.zip",
  "observed_at": "2026-09-29",
  "storage": "Offline cache only; authoritative history/current view are stored in R2.",
  "investigations": [
    {
      "id": "PE26001",
      "company": "Waymo",
      "status": "Open",
      "action": "Preliminary Evaluation",
      "opened": "2026-01-28",
      "closed": null,
      "subject": "Child pedestrian struck near elementary school",
      "product": "Waymo 5th Generation ADS",
      "summary": "ODI opened this evaluation after a Waymo AV struck a child near a Santa Monica elementary school during normal drop-off hours. NHTSA is examining whether the ADS exercised appropriate caution around young pedestrians and school-zone conditions, including speed behavior, as well as Waymo's post-impact response.",
      "source": "https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/inv/2026/INOA-PE26001-10005.pdf",
      "source_label": "ODI opening resume"
    },
    {
      "id": "PE25013",
      "company": "Waymo",
      "status": "Open",
      "action": "Preliminary Evaluation",
      "opened": "2025-10-17",
      "closed": null,
      "subject": "Passing stopped school buses",
      "product": "Waymo 5th Generation ADS",
      "summary": "ODI opened this evaluation after a Waymo AV drove around a stopped school bus with red lights flashing and its stop arm and crossing control arm deployed. NHTSA is examining the ADS's performance around stopped school buses and compliance with school-bus traffic safety laws.",
      "source": "https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/inv/2025/INOA-PE25013-23069.pdf",
      "source_label": "ODI opening resume"
    },
    {
      "id": "AQ-2026-Cybercab",
      "company": "Tesla",
      "status": "Open",
      "action": "Audit Query",
      "opened": "2026-09-04",
      "closed": null,
      "subject": "Cybercab self-certification",
      "product": "Tesla Cybercab",
      "summary": "NHTSA opened an Audit Query to examine the basis for Tesla's self-certification that Cybercab complies with applicable FMVSS, including requirements written around vehicles with traditional human controls.",
      "source": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/press-releases/investigation-tesla-cybercab-self-certification",
      "source_label": "NHTSA"
    },
    {
      "id": "PE25012",
      "company": "Tesla",
      "status": "Open",
      "action": "Preliminary Evaluation",
      "opened": "2025-10-07",
      "closed": null,
      "subject": "Traffic-safety violations with FSD engaged",
      "product": "Tesla vehicles equipped with FSD (Supervised) or FSD (Beta)",
      "summary": "ODI is examining reports of FSD-commanded traffic-law violations, including proceeding against red signals, entering opposing lanes, and using incorrect lanes at intersections.",
      "source": "https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/inv/2025/INOA-PE25012-19171.pdf",
      "source_label": "ODI opening resume"
    },
    {
      "id": "EA26002",
      "company": "Tesla",
      "status": "Open",
      "action": "Engineering Analysis",
      "opened": "2026-03-18",
      "closed": null,
      "subject": "FSD collisions in reduced roadway visibility",
      "product": "Tesla vehicles with FSD",
      "summary": "ODI upgraded its reduced-visibility investigation to an Engineering Analysis focused on whether FSD detects degraded roadway-visibility conditions and warns drivers with sufficient time to respond.",
      "source": "https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/inv/2026/INOA-EA26002-10023.pdf",
      "source_label": "ODI opening resume"
    },
    {
      "id": "PE24016",
      "company": "Waymo",
      "status": "Open",
      "action": "Preliminary Evaluation",
      "opened": "2024-05-13",
      "closed": null,
      "subject": "Unexpected ADS behavior",
      "product": "Waymo 5th Generation ADS",
      "summary": "ODI opened the evaluation after reports of single-party crashes and potential traffic-law violations, including collisions with stationary objects, driving into opposing lanes, and entering construction zones.",
      "source": "https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/inv/2024/INOA-PE24016-12382.pdf",
      "source_label": "ODI opening resume"
    },
    {
      "id": "PE24015",
      "company": "Zoox",
      "status": "Open",
      "action": "Preliminary Evaluation",
      "opened": "2024-05-10",
      "closed": null,
      "subject": "Unexpected ADS braking",
      "product": "Zoox ADS-equipped passenger vehicles",
      "summary": "ODI opened the evaluation after two reported rear-end collisions in which Zoox ADS-equipped vehicles braked unexpectedly in response to nearby road users.",
      "source": "https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/inv/2024/INIM-PE24015-13296.pdf",
      "source_label": "ODI information request"
    },
    {
      "id": "AQ23001",
      "company": "Zoox",
      "status": "Closed",
      "action": "Audit Query",
      "opened": "2023-03-03",
      "closed": "2025-08-04",
      "subject": "Purpose-built vehicle certification",
      "product": "Zoox purpose-built vehicles",
      "summary": "NHTSA examined the process and technical basis for Zoox's self-certification. The AQ closed after Zoox sought and received a demonstration exemption from applicable FMVSS for the subject vehicles.",
      "source": "https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/inv/2023/INCLA-AQ23001-11826.pdf",
      "source_label": "ODI closing resume"
    },
    {
      "id": "PE23018",
      "company": "Cruise",
      "status": "Closed",
      "action": "Preliminary Evaluation",
      "opened": "2023-10-16",
      "closed": null,
      "subject": "ADS behavior around pedestrians",
      "product": "Cruise ADS-equipped vehicles",
      "summary": "ODI examined whether Cruise ADS-equipped vehicles exercised appropriate caution around pedestrians. The evaluation closed after a related recall and after Cruise ceased public-road ADS operations.",
      "source": "https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/inv/2023/INCLA-PE23018-11022.pdf",
      "source_label": "ODI closing resume"
    },
    {
      "id": "PE22014",
      "company": "Cruise",
      "status": "Closed",
      "action": "Preliminary Evaluation",
      "opened": "2022-12-12",
      "closed": "2024-08-20",
      "subject": "Hard braking and immobilizations",
      "product": "Cruise ADS",
      "summary": "ODI assessed unexpected hard braking and vehicle immobilizations. The evaluation closed after Cruise filed recall 24E-067 and software remedies reduced hard-braking incidents.",
      "source": "https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/inv/2022/INCLA-PE22014-10746.pdf",
      "source_label": "ODI closing resume"
    },
    {
      "id": "EA22002",
      "company": "Tesla",
      "status": "Closed",
      "action": "Engineering Analysis",
      "opened": "2022-06-08",
      "closed": "2024-04-25",
      "subject": "Autopilot driver engagement and misuse",
      "product": "Tesla vehicles equipped with Autopilot",
      "summary": "ODI examined Autopilot crashes, driver-engagement controls, and foreseeable misuse. The analysis closed after Tesla recall 23V838.",
      "source": "https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/inv/2022/INCLA-EA22002-14498.pdf",
      "source_label": "ODI closing resume"
    }
  ],
  "record_count": 11
}