{ "dataset": "Cross-State AV Testing/Deployment Permit Registry", "methodology": "Two kinds of entries, distinguished by source_category: 'permit' entries are hand-transcribed from a state/federal agency's own permit or registration list (a captured_at snapshot, not a live feed). 'operational_evidence' entries are NOT permits -- they're derived from this Observatory's own already-ingested NHTSA SGO incident filings and Waymo's S2 mileage data, and exist because permit rosters alone understate real footprint: a company can genuinely operate in a state with no public permit list at all (confirmed for Texas and Georgia, for example) -- an early version of this registry wrongly showed only 4 states for Waymo because it relied on permit rosters exclusively. 'No public roster found' for a state does NOT mean no permits exist there; see states_status_notes for confirmed real-but-unpublished permit requirements vs. no AV-specific regime at all.", "states_with_company_level_data": [ "AR", "AZ", "CA", "CO", "DC", "FL", "GA", "IN", "MA", "MI", "MN", "MS", "NM", "NV", "OH", "OK", "PA", "RI", "TN", "TX", "US", "WA", "WY" ], "states_status_notes": [ { "state": "TX", "status": "permit_required_not_public", "agency": "TxDMV", "note": "Senate Bill 2807 (89th Legislature, 2025) created a MANDATORY TxDMV authorization for commercial automated-vehicle operation in Texas, enforceable since May 28, 2026 (90 days after final implementing rules took effect Feb 27, 2026). TxDMV can issue/revoke authorizations and provides a law-enforcement-only tool to verify a vehicle's authorization status, but publishes no public roster of authorization holders. This corrects an earlier, now-outdated assessment that Texas had no AV-specific permit regime -- it does, as of 2026, and it is actively enforced.", "sources": [ "https://www.txdmv.gov/AVprogram", "https://texas.public.law/statutes/tex._transp._code_section_545.453" ] }, { "state": "NV", "status": "permit_required_not_public", "agency": "Nevada DMV", "note": "Nevada DMV requires an Autonomous Vehicle Testing Registry application (form OBL-326) and a separate Autonomous Vehicle Certification Registry for operation (form OBL-326A) -- a real permit regime with real applicants -- but no public roster of current holders was found; would require a direct records request to DMV.", "sources": [ "https://dmv.nv.gov/pdfforms/obl326.pdf", "https://dmv.nv.gov/pdfforms/obl326a.pdf", "https://dmv.nv.gov/autonomous.htm" ] }, { "state": "OH", "status": "permit_required_not_public", "agency": "DriveOhio", "note": "Ohio requires registration with DriveOhio (created/reauthorized by executive order) before testing AVs on public roads, but no public roster of registrants was found.", "sources": [ "https://businessfocusmagazine.com/2026/02/26/ohios-chance-to-lead-on-autonomous-vehicles-and-whats-still-on-the-road-ahead/" ] }, { "state": "FL", "status": "unclear", "agency": "FLHSMV", "note": "Florida law (2019) opened the door to AV operation and FLHSMV has titling/registration procedures for AVs, but it's unclear whether there's a distinct AV-specific permit beyond standard vehicle registration, and no public roster was found; FLHSMV's own guidance suggests company-level detail would require a public records request.", "sources": [ "https://www.flhsmv.gov/resources/open-government/" ] }, { "state": "GA", "status": "unclear", "agency": null, "note": "Georgia has ADS-specific statute and real Waymo/other operations (confirmed via this Observatory's SGO and Waymo S2 data), but no state permit roster was found -- unclear whether Georgia operates a permit regime at all versus general statutory authorization.", "sources": [] } ], "manufacturer_count": 79, "total_registry_entries": 207, "manufacturers": [ { "manufacturer_key": "WAYMO", "display_name": "WAYMO LLC", "company_status": "current_or_unknown", "status_note": null, "states": [ "AZ", "CA", "CO", "DC", "FL", "GA", "NV", "PA", "TN", "TX", "US", "WA" ], "state_count": 12, "permit_count": 24, "permits": [ { "state": "CA", "agency": "California DMV", "company": "WAYMO LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Testing with a Driver", "permit_type_normalized": "testing_with_driver", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": "Any public road in California", "source_url": "https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-industry-services/autonomous-vehicles/autonomous-vehicle-testing-permit-holders/", "captured_at": "2026-09-17", "source_category": "permit" }, { "state": "CA", "agency": "California DMV", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Driverless Testing", "permit_type_normalized": "driverless_testing", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": "See DMV site for full approved-locations detail", "source_url": "https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-industry-services/autonomous-vehicles/autonomous-vehicle-testing-permit-holders/", "captured_at": "2026-04-03", "source_category": "permit" }, { "state": "CA", "agency": "California DMV", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Deployment", "permit_type_normalized": "deployment", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": "See DMV site for full approved-locations detail", "source_url": "https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-industry-services/autonomous-vehicles/autonomous-vehicle-testing-permit-holders/", "captured_at": "2025-11-21", "source_category": "permit" }, { "state": "CA", "agency": "CPUC", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Drivered Deployment", "permit_type_normalized": "drivered_deployment", "permit_id": "TCP 38152", "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/regulatory-services/licensing/transportation-licensing-and-analysis-branch/autonomous-vehicle-programs/autonomous-vehicle-program-permits-issued", "captured_at": "2026-09-22", "source_category": "permit" }, { "state": "CA", "agency": "CPUC", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Driverless Pilot", "permit_type_normalized": "driverless_testing", "permit_id": "TCP 38152", "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/regulatory-services/licensing/transportation-licensing-and-analysis-branch/autonomous-vehicle-programs/autonomous-vehicle-program-permits-issued", "captured_at": "2026-09-22", "source_category": "permit" }, { "state": "CA", "agency": "CPUC", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Drivered Pilot", "permit_type_normalized": "testing_with_driver", "permit_id": "TCP 38152", "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/regulatory-services/licensing/transportation-licensing-and-analysis-branch/autonomous-vehicle-programs/autonomous-vehicle-program-permits-issued", "captured_at": "2026-09-22", "source_category": "permit" }, { "state": "CA", "agency": "CPUC", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Driverless Deployment", "permit_type_normalized": "driverless_deployment", "permit_id": "TCP 38152", "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/regulatory-services/licensing/transportation-licensing-and-analysis-branch/autonomous-vehicle-programs/autonomous-vehicle-program-permits-issued", "captured_at": "2026-09-22", "source_category": "permit" }, { "state": "WA", "agency": "Washington DOL", "company": "Waymo", "permit_type_raw": "Self-Certified AV Tester", "permit_type_normalized": "testing_registry", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://dol.wa.gov/media/pdf/3608/2024-autonomous-vehicle-reportpdf/download", "captured_at": "2024-12-01", "source_category": "permit" }, { "state": "AZ", "agency": "Arizona DOT", "company": "Waymo", "permit_type_raw": "Submitted to Test/Operate (driver presence not specified by roster)", "permit_type_normalized": "testing_registry", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://azdot.gov/mvd/services/professional-services/autonomous-vehicles-testing-and-operating-state-arizona", "captured_at": "2026-09-22", "source_category": "permit" }, { "state": "US", "agency": "NHTSA", "company": "Waymo", "permit_type_raw": "Active VSSA on file", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/automated-driving-systems/voluntary-safety-self-assessment", "captured_at": "2026-09-22", "source_category": "permit" }, { "state": "AZ", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2026-08-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "CA", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2026-08-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "CO", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2026-07-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "DC", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2026-07-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "FL", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2026-07-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "GA", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2026-08-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "NV", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2026-07-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "PA", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2026-07-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "TN", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2026-07-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "TX", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2026-08-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "AZ", "agency": "Waymo S2 benchmark (mileage evidence)", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Published operational mileage for this state", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "Waymo self-published S2-cell safety benchmark data (this Observatory's own ingested copy)", "captured_at": "202603", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "CA", "agency": "Waymo S2 benchmark (mileage evidence)", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Published operational mileage for this state", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "Waymo self-published S2-cell safety benchmark data (this Observatory's own ingested copy)", "captured_at": "202603", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "TX", "agency": "Waymo S2 benchmark (mileage evidence)", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Published operational mileage for this state", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "Waymo self-published S2-cell safety benchmark data (this Observatory's own ingested copy)", "captured_at": "202603", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "GA", "agency": "Waymo S2 benchmark (mileage evidence)", "company": "Waymo LLC", "permit_type_raw": "Published operational mileage for this state", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "Waymo self-published S2-cell safety benchmark data (this Observatory's own ingested copy)", "captured_at": "202603", "source_category": "operational_evidence" } ] }, { "manufacturer_key": "MAY MOBILITY", "display_name": "MAY MOBILITY", "company_status": "current_or_unknown", "status_note": null, "states": [ "AZ", "CA", "FL", "GA", "IN", "MI", "MN", "TX", "US" ], "state_count": 9, "permit_count": 11, "permits": [ { "state": "CA", "agency": "California DMV", "company": "MAY MOBILITY", "permit_type_raw": "Testing with a Driver", "permit_type_normalized": "testing_with_driver", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": "Any public road in California", "source_url": "https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-industry-services/autonomous-vehicles/autonomous-vehicle-testing-permit-holders/", "captured_at": "2026-09-17", "source_category": "permit" }, { "state": "AZ", "agency": "Arizona DOT", "company": "May Mobility", "permit_type_raw": "Submitted to Test/Operate (driver presence not specified by roster)", "permit_type_normalized": "testing_registry", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://azdot.gov/mvd/services/professional-services/autonomous-vehicles-testing-and-operating-state-arizona", "captured_at": "2026-09-22", "source_category": "permit" }, { "state": "US", "agency": "NHTSA", "company": "May Mobility", "permit_type_raw": "Active VSSA on file", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/automated-driving-systems/voluntary-safety-self-assessment", "captured_at": "2026-09-22", "source_category": "permit" }, { "state": "AZ", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "May Mobility", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2022-12-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "CA", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "May Mobility", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2025-01-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "FL", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "May Mobility", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2024-07-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "GA", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "May Mobility", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2026-07-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "IN", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "May Mobility", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2021-08-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "MI", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "May Mobility", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2025-04-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "MN", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "May Mobility", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2025-11-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "TX", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "May Mobility", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2026-07-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" } ] }, { "manufacturer_key": "ARGO AI", "display_name": "Argo AI", "company_status": "historical", "status_note": "NHTSA lists Argo AI among removed VSSAs (no longer active).", "states": [ "CA", "DC", "FL", "PA", "TX", "US" ], "state_count": 6, "permit_count": 6, "permits": [ { "state": "US", "agency": "NHTSA", "company": "Argo AI", "permit_type_raw": "VSSA removed (no longer active)", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/automated-driving-systems/voluntary-safety-self-assessment", "captured_at": "2026-09-22", "source_category": "permit" }, { "state": "CA", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Argo AI", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2022-09-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "DC", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Argo AI", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2022-05-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "FL", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Argo AI", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2022-09-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "PA", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Argo AI", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2022-06-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "TX", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Argo AI", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2022-10-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" } ] }, { "manufacturer_key": "BEEP", "display_name": "Beep", "company_status": "current_or_unknown", "status_note": null, "states": [ "AZ", "CA", "DC", "FL", "MS", "WY" ], "state_count": 6, "permit_count": 6, "permits": [ { "state": "AZ", "agency": "Arizona DOT", "company": "Beep", "permit_type_raw": "Submitted to Test/Operate (driver presence not specified by roster)", "permit_type_normalized": "testing_registry", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://azdot.gov/mvd/services/professional-services/autonomous-vehicles-testing-and-operating-state-arizona", "captured_at": "2026-09-22", "source_category": "permit" }, { "state": "CA", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Beep, Inc.", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2023-08-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "DC", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Beep, Inc.", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2026-01-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "FL", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Beep, Inc.", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2025-11-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "MS", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Beep, Inc.", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2024-10-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" }, { "state": "WY", "agency": "NHTSA SGO (incident filing evidence)", "company": "Beep, Inc.", "permit_type_raw": "Historical operational evidence \u2014 latest reported incident", "permit_type_normalized": "federal_disclosure", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": null, "source_url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/standing-general-order-crash-reporting", "captured_at": "2021-08-01", "source_category": "operational_evidence" } ] }, { "manufacturer_key": "ZOOX", "display_name": "ZOOX INC.", "company_status": "current_or_unknown", "status_note": null, "states": [ "CA", "FL", "NV", "TX", "US", "WA" ], "state_count": 6, "permit_count": 11, "permits": [ { "state": "CA", "agency": "California DMV", "company": "ZOOX INC.", "permit_type_raw": "Testing with a Driver", "permit_type_normalized": "testing_with_driver", "permit_id": null, "approved_locations": "Any public road in California", "source_url": "https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-industry-services/autonomous-vehicles/autonomous-vehicle-testing-permit-holders/", "captured_at": "2026-09-17", 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